造訪太極拳「內外相合」之道

Examining the Way to the "Coordination of the Inside and Outside" in Taichiquan

游添燈(Tien-Deng Yu) ； 邱怡凱(Yi-Kai Chu)

《臺大體育學報》 23輯 (2012/09) Pp. 45-54

https://doi.org/10.6569/NTUJPE.201209_(23).0005

摘要

「內外相合」是內家拳修煉的關鍵內涵，意指內在煉養質地與外在身形的合一，然而在太極拳的修煉過程中，此一煉養道路卻隱微不明，故本文摸索並疏通此間一條可行的道路（道，行之而成），文中分成四個部分加以闡述：一、由外形而內涵，即由拳架的習煉，使身形得依規矩建構，以符合外三合的要求，而後進入體感知覺的培養，二、由內涵而外形，以敏銳的體感知覺孕生鬆柔內涵，再以之為本，用意而不用力地帶動身形的一舉一動，達致內三合的要求，三、內外相合、周身整勁。四、誠於中者，必形於外。內外相合的道理，不僅是武術上的規範，更可作為待人處事的原則，拳拳服膺而弗失，當內在誠懇實有，則必能自然流露而溢於言表，誠實修煉而達到行與知都確實如此。其次，依過往教學經驗得知，關於內在內涵的煉養往往會出現一些疑惑與困難，造成習煉上的阻礙，故本文試圖釐清五點問題之所在及其解決方法，諸如：一、鬆柔的觀念問題，二、心有餘而力不足，三、不知如何放鬆，四、用力成習難改，五，主觀鬆柔標準問題。

關鍵字

太極拳 ； 內外相合 ； 外三合 ； 內三合 ； 體感知覺 ； 鬆柔

並列摘要

”Coordination of the inside and outside” is one of the key contents in Nei-jia-quan practice, aiming at the harmonization of the interior cultivation and the exterior body movement. Yet in the practice of Taichiquan, the way leading to the coordination and harmonization as such remains obscure. Therefore, the paper attempts to map out the possible routes by dividing itself into four major parts: First that comes to view is the practice starting from the molding of the outside form to the cultivating of the inside content, constructed by the practice of body movement to achieve the demand of ”three coordinations outside,” and then move on to the training of the body consciousness. What follows is the move from the cultivating of the inside content to the molding of the outside form, letting keen body consciousness to bring out relaxation and softness, on which basis the body is able to move each part with the idea instead of force, to achieve the demand of ”three coordinations inside.” Only after that should we come to the ”combination of the inside and the outside;” it is when the body can move truly and perfectly as a whole. Last but not the least, an honest mind will always find an echo in the action outside. As the basis of martial art, the principle of the combination of the inside and the outside is also true with the treatment of people and things. We should sincerely keep in mind that a person who is truly honest and candid will always turn out to be the same in expression and in action; the sheer spontaneity and unity of knowing and acting comes as a consequence of earnest practice. Based on teaching experiences gained in the past years, there would be doubts and difficulties in cultivating the mind, thus hindering the practice of Taichiquan. Therefore, the paper also attempts to clarify five difficult problems and their possible solutions: First, difficulties in understanding the idea of relaxation and softness; second, the inability of the body which is so weak and unprepared to catch up with the idea of the mind; third, difficulties in not knowing how to relax the whole body; fourth, tending to exercise and impose force in each movement, which is incorrect and hard to quit; last but not least, subjective differences of relaxation and softness in practicing Taichiquan.

並列關鍵字

taichiquan ； 1coordination of the inside and outside ； three coordinations outside ； three coordinations inside ； body consciousness ； relaxation and softness

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