媒體工作者視角下的運動員性別呈現：2017世界大學運動會為例

緒論：2017世界大學運動會因在台北舉辦，因此夾帶在地優勢及運動員優異表現而引發話題，並且呈現多樣多元的運動員形象。因此，本研究以2017年世界大學運動會為主體，探究2017年世界大學運動會期間臺灣媒體視角下大專學生運動員的性別呈現之差異，並納入媒體工作者對於相關報導內容呈現的觀點與回應，以期理解既有媒體論述之下的媒體工作者操作邏輯。方法：本研究蒐集2017年世界大學運動會期間相關媒體報導，並針對媒體工作者進行個別訪談。結果：研究結果發現，運動新聞報導一方面延續性別刻板印象的報導面好，但同時也允許多樣多元的運動員性別氣質呈現，特別是陽剛女性運動員便在此屆賽事中獲得現身機會。此外，媒體工作者在自身經驗及運動員媒體曝光公式之間遊走，呈現互有異同的報導選擇及策略，並在此展現媒體工作者對於性別平衡報導的具體行動。同時，亦有媒體工作者維持既有傳統性別氣質與期待的運動員形象呈現。結論：研究建議未來可拓增不同時期的新聞文本比較分析，或以媒體工作者本身所撰寫的新聞文本進行深入探討，藉以理解不同背景下運動員性別呈現多樣化的變化與影響因素。

關鍵字

性別氣質；媒體再現；女性陽剛；性感資本；陽剛與陰柔

並列摘要

Introduction: With the advantage of the host city being Taipei, 2017 World University Games (WUG) had brought up the discussion about athletes and event itself. Thus, this study targets the 2017 WUG to investigate the difference in presenting the gendered images of athletes. The purpose of this study is to present the media portrayal of collegiate student athletes with different genders and gender expressions during the 2017 WUG, and further the understanding of gender norms and expectations embedded in media discourse while reporting these athletes through the perspectives of sport journalists. Method: This study collects the data from news coverage during 2017 WUG, as well as 6 journalists who participated in individual interviews. Results: The results showed that the gender stereotypes are still embedded in coverage; meanwhile, it is also found that the athletes with diverse gender expressions are tolerated. Especially, the media coverage of female athletes with masculine gender expression show the acceptance of diverse gendered athletes' images. Moreover, the journalists followed the strategy of the media exposure formula, which included the athletic performance and attractiveness of the athletes, and considered the potential attention drawn from the audience to the presented variety of coverage contents. Furthermore, the gender and experience in sports also affect the preference and reporting strategy when covering events and athletes. Conclusion: It is suggested the future studies could increase the texts of media coverage from different years of WUG and conduct a comparative study, or to collect the published texts that were produced by journalists, and thus to understand the impact factors and impacts of gendered images of athletes among different conditions.

並列關鍵字

gender expression ； media representation ； female masculinity ； erotic capital ； masculinities and femininities

參考文獻

安碧芸、駱碧蓮 (2009)。“認同”與“尊重”：臺灣報紙運動新聞報導之性別意涵分析。體育學報，42(1)，83-97。doi: 10.6222/pej.4201.200903.0707

游美惠 (2012)。體育系學生的學習經驗與性別關係之研究。女學學誌：婦女與性別研究，30，1-45。doi:10.6255/JWGS.2012.30.1

廖清海 (2007)。媒體體育運動內容中呈現的性別差異情形。中華體育季刊，21(3)，94-102。doi:10.6223/qcpe.2103.200709.1811

潘郡瑤 (2017)。「為什麼我要留長髮？」：台灣 HBL 甲組女籃球員的身體經驗與性別認同（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣大學，臺北市。doi: 10.6342/NTU201703502

蔡明河、謝靜瑜 (2011)。99 年全國大專校院運動會報紙報導性別呈現之分析。休閒與社會研究，3，105-114。doi: 10.29947/LSR.201106.0007

主題瀏覽