先秦墨家對當今通識教育之啓發

The Inspiration of Mohist School in Ancient QinDynasty to Current General Education

蕭宏恩(Hung-En Hsiao)

《通識學刊：理念與實務》 2卷3期 (2014/10) Pp. 35-52

https://doi.org/10.6427/JGECP.201410_2(3).0002

摘要

墨家是先秦諸子百家中唯一著重工藝技術，且十分重視平民之心聲與權益的學派。而特別的是，所謂「墨家」，其實所指乃「墨者團體」。墨者於團體中各按其所能進行學習，同時也要到各部門多加歷練，唯有相當經歷之墨者才能從事知識性之事業。反觀今日，因專業愈分愈細，單一專業已難以應付益形加速的生活步調和多元變化的社會環境，故須要成為一跨領域整合之知識人，方足以建構自身之生活平臺。本文即企由墨者在團體中彼此學習、彼此熟悉之啟發，思索當今通識教育之跨領域學習之如何可能？而墨家「兼愛」之中心思想與核心理念，正是督促墨者實踐兼愛（義），以造眾人之福（公利）之原動力。那麼，當今臺灣的大學教育之中心思維、核心理念又當如何？

關鍵字

通識教育 ； 專業分科 ； 跨領域學習 ； 墨者團體 ； 兼愛

並列摘要

The Mohist School was the only philosophers who put focus on craftsmanship and was also the philosophers who took the civilian's intentions and rights seriously. Moreover, the Mohist School actually meant a group of Mohist philosophers. In a Mohist School, each learner had to equally study every assigned skill. Mohist learners began to study and apply professional knowledge only when they passed their general studies. On the contrary, today's classification of professional education seems to become more and more specific. Consequently, a single professional knowledge can no longer be enough for our rapid changing society. Today's learners will need interdisciplinary learning in order to adapt the changes of society. This article discusses group learning and group inspiration in Mohist school system and examines the possibility of interdisciplinary learning in general education. Since Mohist's core value is a universal love that improves public affairs, what are the central focus and core value of current general education in the universities and colleges in Taiwan?

並列關鍵字

general education ； classification of professional education ； interdisciplinary learning ； Mohist school ； universal love