誰定義的文學？－以1976年《南洋商報》副刊為個案分析

本文主要以1976年馬來西亞《南洋商報》副刊作為個案，分析這一年份副刊不同版位的內容和文章，包括《新婦女》、《小說天地》、《讀者文藝》、《商餘》、《行業與生活》等各個版位所刊載的小說、雜文、散文和詩歌。本文首先嘗試以量化分析的方法說明編者是如何將純文藝、俗文學進行分類，繼而從文類的角度分析編者是如何定義「他們」所認定的「文學」。本文嘗試圍繞著「文學由誰來定義？」、「純文學由誰來區分？」，本文在嘗試回答上述問題的過程中，一方面根據馬華文學史與副刊的沿革傳統，討論1976年《南洋商報》副刊的繼承性意義；其次從數據量化的角度闡述這一年份的寫作規模和生態，以為馬華文學研究提供另一視角，從靜態的研究探討馬華文學內部系統生態。

關鍵字

馬華文學史；副刊研究；文學生產；文學傳播

並列摘要

This paper takes the supplementary sections of ”Nanyang Siang Pau” of Malaysia in 1976 as a case for study and analyzes the contents and literary works of the various pages in these supplementary sections in the particular year, including fiction, essays, prose and poetry published in pages such as ”New Women”, ”Fiction World”, ”Readers' Literature”, ”Other Than Business”, ”Work and Life” etc. At the outset, the paper attempts to employ the quantitative analysis method to show how the editors classified the contents into pure literature and popular literature. Subsequently it analyzes from the genre perspective how the editors defined 'literature' as they had perceived. The paper then seeks to further its discussion by focusing on a series of questions such as ”who should define literature?”, ”who should decide what is considered serious literary?” etc. On one hand it draws from the history of Ma-hua literature and the evolutionary traditions of the newspaper supplementary sections to examine the continuing significance of the supplementary sections of ”Nanyang Siang Pau” of Malaysia in 1976. On the other, it describes the scale of literary writing and the literary ecology in the particular year from the quantitative methodology to provide an alternative viewpoint for research on Malaysian Chinese Literature, i.e. using the static research approach to explore the internal systems ecology of Ma-hua literature.