《群書治要》所載《文子》異文研究－兼補王利器《文子疏義》以《群書治要》校勘《文子》例

Citations of Wenzi founded in the Qunshuzhiyao -With a Supplement to Wang Liqi's Collation of Wenzi by Qunshuzhiyao in the Wenzishuyi

潘銘基(Poon, Ming-Kay)

《興大中文學報》 44期 (2018/12) Pp. 1-27

摘要

唐人魏徵等編《群書治要》五十卷，今存四十七卷。此書從經、史、子三部之中，擇取其與治道相關者，臚列其文，以為天子借鑒。其中日本平安時代九条家本（殘本）、鎌倉時代金澤文庫本、江戶幕府德川家康時代之駿河版，以及回傳中國並經回改之天明本（以上三者皆四十七卷本），乃此書之重要本子。《群書治要》於清代回傳中國本土時，阮元、王念孫等即視為珍寶，每取之以作校勘時之依據。如《淮南子》與《文子》互見部分甚多，王念孫校勘《淮南子》時其實亦多兼及《文子》，然當時所見《群書治要》僅為天明天，此本嘗經學者據所引原書回改，失卻《治要》存舊之真。本文據九条家本、金澤文庫本、駿河版《群書治要》可見之資料，藉以補充前人學者校改未能盡善之處。近人王叔岷〈文子斠證〉、王利器《文子疏義》，以及李定生、徐慧君《文子校釋》等，俱嘗引用《群書治要》校勘《文子》，創獲甚鉅。惟〈文子斠證〉所用仍為天明本，《文子校釋》亦然。校勘《文子》諸家之中，以王利器《文子疏義》用力最勤，然其所用《群書治要》亦只屬金澤文庫本，未及時代更早之古本。九条家本雖屬殘本，然所餘十三卷即包括卷三十五所引《文子》一書，本文即兼據此本，並遍檢各本，補充《文子疏義》校勘《文子》時未能盡善之處，並稍作深入討論。最後，《群書治要》諸本關係密切，本文利用文本細讀之法，取諸本引文加以比較，以見各本之優劣。

關鍵字

群書治要 ； 唐代類書 ； 文子 ； 文子疏義 ； 互見文獻

並列摘要

The fifty-juan Qunshu zhiyao群書治要was compiled in 631 by Wei Zheng魏徵, an official in charge of the Imperial Library on the orders of Emperor Taizong of the Tang dynasty. Other editors of the book included Yu Shinan 虞世南, Chu Liang 褚亮, and Xiao Deyan 蕭德言. Last recorded in the Yiwenzhi of the History of Song 宋史藝文志, the Qunshu zhiyao was no longer extant in China since. However, the book was considered extremely important in the early Heian period (794-1185) of Japan and was read by later Japanese emperors. The Tokyo National Museum houses thirteen-juan of the book, which were passed down in the aristocratic Kujō clan 九条家. These were copied in the mid-Heian period from a Tang-dynasty manuscript prepared in China and are the oldest surviving copies of the text. Seven of these thirteen-juan have been repaired and are available for online viewing now. In Qing Dynasty, the version of Zhiyao modified by the Japanese, Tianmingben 天明本,was transmitted to China. Numerous scholars of Qing Dynasty (e.g. Wang Niansun 王念孫and Yan Kejun 嚴可均) edited and collated Tianmingben because of its value. However, Tianmingben was corrected by scholars with numerous original books which means that Tianmingben no longer maintains the value of Zhiyao. Although Tianmingben has often been applied by scholars, e.g. Wang Shumin 王叔岷, Wang Liqi 王利器, Li Dingsheng 李定生 and Xu Huijun 徐慧君, to the collation of Wenzi, its importance may not be higher than Kujō clan version's. Set Wenzi as an example, this paper aims to retrieve the collation value of Qunshu zhiyao, and to investigate in the difference between various versions of Zhiyao as well as the characteristics of them.

並列關鍵字

Qunshu zhiyao ； Leishu compiled in Tang Dynasty ； Wenzi ； Wenzishuyi ； Parallel passage

參考文獻

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