The purpose of this study is to explore the relevance on the demographic variables of different marathon runners as categorize variables to explore whether there is predictive effect of the participation motivation on the participation behavior. The data is collected from runners who have completed the full marathon or half marathon events in Taiwan, with a purposive sampling method to represent the population, and distribute a total of 718 questionnaires to relatives and friends, excluding invalid questionnaires, with an effective questionnaire recovery rate of 94%. The recycled data is processed in SPSS22.0, which is analyzed base on descriptive statistics and multi groups analysis. The findings of this research are summarized as follows: The positive and negative effects on participation in marathons as a result of internal motivation and external behavior.