明代馬理的《易》學師承與治《易》特色論析

馬理為明代中葉著名《易》學家，著有《周易贊義》。曾從學於王恕、王承裕父子，馬理治《易》重聖人大義與修身經世，以陰陽之理通貫天地與人事，實受王恕父子影響。馬理《易》學，融會漢、宋，歸宗程、朱。面對佛、老對宇宙生成、人性與工夫實踐，及生死觀的看法，期以《易》生生之理、感通及中庸之道回應。馬理依據儒家政治理想釋《易》，從根本處談人君修德，用賢善聽，勤政愛民，以及人臣宜公而忘私，謹言慎行，依時順處。馬理治《易》，雖重義理闡釋，卻不廢象數、占筮，致力疏釋經文，融會前賢觀點，並結合時代性及自身體悟，時出新義，足為後世師法。

關鍵字

馬理；王恕；周易贊義；易學；明代

並列摘要

Ma Li was a famous scholar of Yijing learning in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. He authored the book Zhouyizanyi and sat at the feet of Wang Shu and Wang Cheng Yu. Ma Li's Yijing learning emphasizes the the sage's righteousness and self-cultivation, and connects the world and human affairs with the principle of Yin and Yang, which was actually influenced by Wang Zhu and his son. Ma Li's Yijing learning is a blend of the Han and Song dynasties, and is attributed to Cheng-Zhu school. In the face of the Buddha's views on the formation of the universe, the practice of human nature and self-cultivation, as well as the concept of life and death, Ma Li responds with the principle of Endless, the sense of rapport, and the middle way of Yijing. Ma Li uses the political ideals of the Confucianism to interpret Yijing, discussing at the root that a ruler should cultivate virtue, use wise and good listeners, be diligent in government and love the people, and that a minister should be public and forget his own selfishness, be careful in his words and actions, and follow the times. Although Ma Li's Yijing learning emphasizes the interpretation of meaning and theory, he does not neglect the interpretation of signs and figures and divination, devotes himself to the interpretation of the scriptures, integrating the views of previous sages and combining them with the times and his own realization to create new meanings from time to time, which will serve as a model for future generations.