以帕森思社會體系論談臺灣學校運動設施之經營策略

教育部體育署於2013年所提出的體育政策白皮書中提及，運動設施優質友善之願景，以提供國民友善運動休閒場地，各族群民眾參與運動權獲得強化，建構全國運動場館資訊網，實現臺灣成為優質運動島的目標。根據我國國民運動意識之調查顯示，民眾從事運動的地點大都以「公園」及「學校運動場館」為主。在帕森思的結構功能論中，衍生出AGIL功能分析模式。其中，作為子系统的社會系統又可分為經濟、政治、社區和社會化等子系統。這些系统之間相互依存、相互影響，它們各自執行不同功能，以共同维持整個系统的運行。因此學校運動設施於開放與規劃之際，可使用帕森思之結構功能論為基底，探討與分析各學校運動設施開放與社會功能與文化的維持，將學校納入於社會運作的體系之中。本研究目的與方法：根據帕森斯之社會體系論為基礎，以文獻探討之方式，聚焦在運用AGIL模式，進行學校運動設施規劃與管理時，所應當分析之問題並提出建議。根據AGIL分析，本文提出以下建議，作為學校運動設施經營所需思考的面向：1.運動設施之開放應具有社區需求性，以期能夠納入社區居民需求，2.學校應肩負起傳統運動文化的知識傳遞中介中心3.辦理相關活動，整合資源的分配，例如社區運動班4.維持學校體系與社會體系共有的運動價值觀，以利國家全民運動政策之配合。

關鍵字

帕森思；運動設施；結構功能論

並列摘要

According to the White Paper on Physical Education Policy by Sports Administration, Ministry of Education in 2013, it is the vision that to have the quality and friendly sports facilities, in order to provide people with friendly recreation sites, to strengthen the participation of different peoples, to construct the website of nationwide stadiums, and to achieve the goal of making Taiwan become a sports island with fine quality. According to the Investigation of People's Sports Sense by Chen (2003), people prefer to do exercises in the parks and school stadiums. The investigation also discovered that people believed the government should increase facilities in the stadiums for promoting the interest, frequency, stability and habits of sports participation. Following the Functional Analysis of A.G.I.L. in Structural-Functional Theories by Parson, A (Adaption) refers to the behavioral organism system, the adaption to environmental conditions. G (Goal Attainment) refers to the personal system, the orientation toward goal achievement in the environment. I (Integration) refers to social system, focusing on the systems integration. L (Latency) refers to the cultural system, focusing on cultural integration and maintenance of system mode. The subsystem of social system can be further classified as subsystems of economy, politics, and socialization. These systems depend on each other and influence mutually. Each system functions differently to maintain the whole system together. Therefore, Parson's Structural-Functional Theories can be manipulated as the basis for operation and organization of sports facilities in schools. It can also be exploited for the discussion and analysis of the social functions and cultural maintenance of sports facilities among various schools, and to place schools into the operation system of society. Based on the above mention, this paper is to analyze the questions and offer the recommendations for organization and management of sports facilities in school by A.G.I.L. in Parson's Structural-Functional Theories.