由「正心」至「王道終」－董仲舒論「治身」與「治國」

From ＂Correcting the Heart/ Mind＂ to ＂Accomplishing of the Kingly Way＂: Dong Zhongshu on ＂Ruling Oneself＂ and ＂Ruling the State＂

深川真樹(Fukagawa Maki)

《哲學論集》 55期 (2022/02) Pp. 1-27

摘要

戰國時期，以形神兼備為目標的治身之說蓬勃發展，儒道兩家均將君王的治身視為治國的基礎。到漢代，董仲舒從儒家學者的立場吸收道家和黃老思想，提出一套由治身至治國的理論。董仲舒的治身包含修身成德和養生保命，以「養心」為基本路徑。養生以成德為前提，成德以養心為進路，君王成德為治國的基礎。但治國與君王的養生並沒有直接關係，治國的要點是君王修身成德，且在此基礎上任賢用能以施行教化。董仲舒建構由君王「正心」至王道告成的理論和實踐架構，並展示「以德教民」治國方略的一具體模式。

關鍵字

董仲舒 ； 養生 ； 養心 ； 工夫論 ； 政治論

並列摘要

During the Warring States period, the theory of ruling oneself, which aimed at internal and external cultivation, flourished. Both Confucianism and Taoism regarded the sovereign's ruling himself as the fundamental of ruling state. In the Han dynasty, Dong Zhongshu, a Confucian scholar, absorbed the ideas of Taoism and Huanglao and proposed a theory of ruling oneself and ruling the state. In his doctrine, the practice of ruling oneself includes becoming virtuous and nurturing life, with ＂nourishing the heart/ mind＂ as the fundamental way. The prerequisite for nurturing life is becoming virtuous, the approach to becoming virtuous is nourishing the heart/ mind, and the sovereign's virtue is the basis of his rule. However, there is no direct relation between the ruling state and the sovereign's nurturing life. The key to the ruling state is that the sovereign becomes virtuous and, based on his virtue, appoints the wise and the able to educate the people. Dong Zhongshu constructed a theoretical and practical framework from sovereign's ＂correcting the heart/ mind＂ to the accomplishment of kingly way, demonstrating a concrete model of the strategy for ruling the state through ＂virtue education＂.

並列關鍵字

Dong Zhongshu ； nurturing life ； nourishing the heart/mind ； self-cultivation ； political theory

參考文獻

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