亞洲區域整合之認同的趨勢與挑戰：以東亞為例

Identity Building for Asian Regional Integration and Its Challenges: A Case Study in East Asia

戴東清(Dong-Ching Day)

《人文社會科學研究》 7卷4期 (2013/12) Pp. 1-20

https://doi.org/10.6284/NPUSTHSSR.2013.7(4)1

摘要

後冷戰地緣政治環境變化，促進了區域合作的發展，亞洲區域主義與整合也有了新的進展。由於認同在區域整合中的重要性愈來愈高，以致於亞洲各國，尤其是東亞各國紛紛採取措施來強化區域認同的建立，希望能夠透過區域認同的建構，來加速區域整合的速度。亞洲國家普遍更多地依賴思想與心境契合，共識的建構，同儕壓力，以及單邊友善與適當的行為的「亞洲途徑」，且凸顯亞洲價值或者儒家主義是具有與西方文化區隔的獨特性，加上亞洲金融危機及其他區域整合的發展等因素，使亞洲各國認為區域認同的建構有其必要性。各國亦透過發展區域文化、集體記憶的建立、國民教育中歷史教育課程的實施，以及藉由區域意識的建構，來落實區域認同的建構。由於亞洲區域認同的建立在東亞地區較有進展，因此本文偏重探討東亞各國在建構區域認同的進程。不論是1990年代「東亞經濟核心小組」，或者是2000年以來「東亞共同體」概念的提出，都意味著東亞國家在「由上而下」地努力建構新的認同。東南亞文化週的推動，以及東亞大城市已發展出共同的消費者文化、東亞國家的人民開始擁抱共同的政治規範等，都讓東亞區域認同建構有「由下而上」的回應，讓區域認同建構更有利。只是建構東亞區域認同，仍然面臨「東協途徑」無足夠約束力、許多邊界與領土主權爭端的問題待解決、對中國大陸發展角色的擔憂、以及美國的反對態度等挑戰。由此可知，區域認同建立的本身不僅是認同本身而已，若無法將權力與制度一併考量，在建構區域認同的落實上，恐會進展有限。

關鍵字

區域整合 ； 區域認同 ； 亞洲途徑 ； 東亞經濟核心小組 ； 東亞共同體

並列摘要

The change of post-Cold War geopolitical landscapes has fostered the new development of regional cooperation as well as Asian regionalism and integration. Identity become more and more important in the process of regional integration, so Asian countries, especially East Asian countries take measures to strengthen the construction of regional identity. What they hope is to expedite the progress of regional integration through constructing regional identity. Asian countries generally relied more on the meeting of minds and hearts, consensus-building, peer pressure, and unilateral good and proper behavior which is identified as Asian way. It is to see Asian values or Confucianism as determining the special characteristics different from Western culture. Also the Asian financial crisis and the development of other regional integration etc. make regional identity become a necessity for Asian countries. They put the construction of regional identity into practice by way of creating regional culture, building collective memory, teaching compulsory history courses and promoting regional consciousness. There is more progress of building Asian regional identity in East Asia. Therefore, this paper is to focus more on the process of building Asian regional identity in East Asia. No matter whether the idea of East Asia Economic Caucus (EAEC) was raised in the 1990s or the concept of East Asia Community in 2000 indicates that East Asian countries make effort to construct a new identity from the top-down. There are three factors responding the construction of Asian regional identity from the bottom-up which are Southeast Asia culture week, common consumer's culture in the big cities of East Asian countries, and people's embrace of common political norms in East Asia countries. They are very useful in the construction of regional identity. However, the construction of East Asian regional identity still faces challenges, such as Asian way without enough institutional and legal enforcement, the dispute of sovereignty and territory, the worry of the future role of China, and the opposition from the US and so on. That is to say, the construction of regional identity is not on its own, power and institution need also to be taken into account in realizing regional identity, otherwise the progress of building regional identity would probably be limited.

並列關鍵字

regional integration ； regional identity ； Asian way ； East Asia Economic Caucus ； East Asia Community

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