石門水庫上游集水區土砂生產量推估模式之建立

Prediction Model of Sediment Yield in Shih-Men Reservoir Watershed

連惠邦(Hui-Pang Lien) ； 楊雯丞(Wen-Cheng Yang) ； 詹子瑩(Zih-Ying Jhan)

《水保技術》 9卷4期 (2014/11) Pp. 25-33

摘要

集水區治理主要在控制土砂安全無害通過集水區外及防止土石流發生，因此要確實掌握土砂量體之來源及其分布，才能有效地解決集水區的土砂災害。惟因土砂生產量體之估算未臻成熟，引發其防砂效益及治理成效之疑慮。為此，本研究依據集水區地文條件、降雨條件、植生條件等特徵之關聯性，建立「集水區土砂生產量估估模式」，並以LiDAR 實測資料為基礎，輔以多變量迴歸分析，歸納取得土砂生產量估算之簡易推估模式，提供實務運用及規劃設計之參採。茲就本研究重要成果摘述如下：1.建立土砂生產量經驗式，利用GIS 地理資訊系統，並配合相關圖層及衛星影像，分析水文因子、植生因子、地文因子與土砂生產量之關係，最後迴歸出關係式如下：A = 1.9 x 10^4 R_s^(1.1)N_c^(0.8)N_α^(-2.8)γ^(-1.4) β^(-1.3) 2.建立土砂遞移率經驗式，本研究分析地文因子與土砂遞移率之關係式如下，可表為：SDR =19.3γ^(-0.33) β^(-0.39) 利用上述之迴歸式，可針對集水區土砂治理計畫所需之土砂生產量，得以作簡易性之估算，有效掌握集水區治理效益及防砂設施設計時之依據。

關鍵字

土砂生產量 ； 土砂遞移率

並列摘要

The two key issues of watershed management are to conduct the sediment to get through the outer of the watershed safely and to prevent landslides from happening. So, in order to solve such sediment disasters in the watersheds, to note the origin and distribution of the sediment is significant for sure. However, the technique to estimate the amount of sediment volume hasn't been mature yet, which would make the efficiency of sediment prevention and management to be doubtful. For this purpose, this study tries to establish ＂the estimation model of sediment yield in the watersheds＂ on the basis of the relevance of landscape features, rainfall factors, vegetation etc. in the watersheds and to build a simple estimation model of sediment yield, which is based on LiDAR data and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, be the reference for field practice and project set. The main results of my study are as follows: 1. With GIS (geographic information system) , relevant layers and satellite images, establish a estimation model of sediment yield to analyze the relevance among rainfall factors, vegetation, landscape features and sediment yield. Then, conclude the model as following formula : A = 1.9 x 10^4 R_s^(1.1)N_c^(0.8)N_α^(-2.8)γ^(-1.4) β^(-1.3) 2. To build sediment delivery ratio, my study about the analysis of landscape features sediment delivery ratio is as following formula : SDR =19.3γ^(-0.33) β^(-0.39)

並列關鍵字

Sediment Yield ； Sediment Delivery Ratio