形塑秦檜－南宋元明秦檜形象的製作

Create the Image of Qin Hui (秦檜): The Making of the Image of Qin Hui in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties

余輝(Yu, Hui)

《中正歷史學刊》 23期 (2020/12) Pp. 51-83

摘要

秦檜是宋代歷史極具爭議性的人物，特別是其涉嫌謀害一代名將岳飛，堅持主張屈辱的和平理念，使得其在世就被時人議論紛紛。但是宋高宗充分信任秦檜，並且再三強調與秦檜一起中興「天下」，为此高宗特意題跋秦檜之畫像。此後高宗與秦檜共同製作石刻儒家經典，高宗書寫經文，秦檜書寫贊語，合刊石碑放置太學，共成一代君臣崇儒聖典。宋代道學家雖然痛斥秦檜，卻無人敢否認定這兩件文物。元代以後，南宋太學故址漸漸荒廢，明代巡按御史吳訥首抹秦檜墨蹟，加刻秦檜罪行於石碑後。探論秦檜形象的製作與變遷，使得我們認識傳統社會「在世與身後」、「忠與奸」、「公與私」的觀念具有很大的典範意義。

關鍵字

秦檜 ； 形象製作 ； 畫像 ； 孔廟 ； 象徵意義

並列摘要

Qin Hui is a controversial figure in Song Dynasty history, He is suspected of murdering a famous general Yue Fei (岳飛). And insist on the peace concept of humiliation. Making it alive and being discussed by people. Song Gaozong fully trusted Qin Hui and repeatedly emphasized to rebuild world order with Qin Hui. Gaozong specially inscribed the portrait of Qin Hui. Make a stone tablet together and place it in Taixue. No one in the Song Dynasty dare to deny these two cultural relics. Since the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, cultural relics have been damaged, Wu Na (吳訥) destroyed the cultural relics of Qin Hui, On the Making and Changes of the Image of Qin Hui, Inscribed on the back of the stele is the text of his sin. Unknown historical facts, to exploring the truth of history. After studying the image of Qin Hui before and after his death. We know that the concepts of ＂being alive and behind＂, ＂loyalty and traitor＂, and ＂public and private＂ in traditional society have great exemplary significance.

並列關鍵字

Qin Hui(秦檜) ； image making ； portrait ； Confucian Temple ； symbolic meaning

參考文獻

佚名編，《國朝冊府畫一元龜》，收入《原國立北平圖書館善本甲庫叢書》，第 423-424 冊，北京：國家圖書館出版社，2013。

（漢）孔安國，《尚書注疏》，標點清嘉慶二十年南昌府學重刊宋本十三經注疏本，北京：中華書局，2009。

（隋）虞世南，《北堂書鈔》，收入《文淵閣四庫全書》，第 1129 冊，臺北：臺灣商務印書館，1983。

（宋）太常寺纂，（清）徐松編，《中興禮書》，收入《續修四庫全書》，第 822 冊，上海：上海古籍出版社，2002。

（宋）史浩，《鄮峰真隱漫錄》，收入《文淵閣四庫全書》，第 1141冊，臺北：臺灣商務印書館，1983。