《老子》有無觀之哲學新解

A Philosophical New Interpretation of Laozi's Views on You and Wu

林建德(Chien-Te Lin)

《長庚人文社會學報》 1卷2期 (2008/10) Pp. 357-388

https://doi.org/10.30114/CGJHSS.200810.0007

摘要

《老子》首章云道不可說，但卻標示出有無兩者，作爲孕育天地萬物的本始；因此《老子》思想，可說是要從有無的對演中，揭示其中玄妙深奧的道理。本文重新審視《老子》有無出現的脈絡，分析出兩種詮解的進路，一是從縱貫面來看，以無作爲有存在的基礎，從無生有，到生起天下萬物，進而關聯到推天道以明人事的哲學思維。而從橫切面來談，此有無可代表世間相反相成、對立統一及消長變化的現象。而此泛指一切的有無，其縱橫兩面實可交錯並觀；即天道與人道雖是直縱的關係，但就天道之兩兩變化與人事的兩兩辯證而言，此兩兩變化、辯證乃是就橫向來看，以此顯示《老子》重要的哲學見解－從天道自然的兩兩變化，來推演人事價值的兩兩辯證。如此，《老子》以有無所延伸而出的各種對反觀點，不只表達《老子》的宇宙觀、世界觀，同時也顯示出人立身行事的價值觀。

關鍵字

老子 ； 道 ； 有無 ； 推天道以明人事

並列摘要

Although Laozi's Dao is unspeakable, in the Chapter One it suggests you and wu to be the initiation of everything in this world. Laozi's Philosophy, therefore, seems to reveal the profound Dao via the relation of you and wu. This essay points out two ways to access you and wu. First, the most basic foundation is wu, followed by you and then everything else appears in this world; this can be viewed as vertical aspect. And this vertical aspect seems relevant to Laozi's philosophical thinking of inferring human value from Tian Dao. Second, from the horizontal aspect, Laozi seems to view you and wu as representatives to describe the opposition, union, and vicissitude of the duality of this world. Once we interlace the vertical and horizontal aspects, we can say Laozi uses the terms of you and wu to present its philosophy of inferring the dialectics of human value from the permanent change of Tian Dao. Thus, Laozi's viewpoint of you and wu not only reveals its cosmology but also its views on value.

並列關鍵字

You ； Wu ； Vertical aspect ； Horizontal aspect ； Change of Tian Dao ； Dialectic of human value

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