The Role of Physical Activity in Delaying Cognitive Function Decline in the Elderly

身體活動在延緩老年認知功能下降中扮演之角色

陳杰(Chieh Chen)

《童綜合醫學雜誌》 15卷2期 (2021/12) Pp. 57-62

https://doi.org/10.3966/207135922021121502002

摘要

The global elderly population has continued to grow faster than expected, with estimates showing that Taiwan will have become an aged society by 2018. Accordingly, mild cognitive impairment, one of the health issues associated with an aging population, has been increasing. Patient care may place a considerable burden on the national economy, society, family, medical resources, and drug availability. This article reviews the perspectives of literature obtained from the Cochrane library, PubMed (Medline), UpToDate, and Google scholar using three main methods: searching for keywords containing cognitive dysfunction, physical fitness, exercise prescription intervention, quality of life, etc.; searching for related articles on physical activity and cognitive function, neuroendocrine, molecular biology, etc.; and combining case–control studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, analytical research, and randomized control studies to explore the effects of physical activity intervention and fitness level of the elderly on the epidemiology of dementia, prevention of cognitive function decline, improvement of cognitive function, and quality of life. Understanding which types of exercise intervention helps improve quality of life among patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease is imperative. This review aims to identify physical fitness exercises that is specifically geared toward improving cognitive function, can used as a reference for health promotion in Taiwan, provides guidance on dementia prevention and cognitive dysfunction care for the elderly, and helps construct guidelines on physical fitness and exercise prescriptions in Taiwan.

關鍵字

Cognitive impairment ； physical performance ； activity intervention ； quality of life ； exercise prescription

並列摘要

全世界老年人口正迅速增長，台灣已在2018年成為高齡化社會，老年人口增加速度超出一般預期；與老化相關的健康問題，例如輕度認知功能障礙的人口增加；長期病人照護可能會增加經濟，社會，家庭照護，醫療資源和藥物方面的巨額支出。本文獻回顧主要透過Cochrane library，PubMed（Medline），Uptodate和Google scholar等，從文獻搜尋關鍵字：認知功能障礙，運動介入，生活品質，身體活動等相關文章，結合病例對照研究，系統性文獻回顧及統合分析，各研究的結論及隨機對照試驗結果，探討體適能介入和老年人的健康程度對失智症流行病學的影響；透過認知功能和生活品質，了解哪一類型的運動介入有助於改善輕度認知障礙和阿茲海默症患者的生活品質；目的為改善大腦的認知功能方面提出身體活動的益處，可作為台灣健康促進的參考，為老年預防認知功能下降和失智症提供指引，並給予台灣運動處方的指引。

並列關鍵字

認知障礙 ； 體能 ； 活動介入 ； 生活品質 ； 運動處方