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一位老年女性患者之高血糖高滲透壓狀態併急性肺栓塞

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State with Acute Massive Pulmonary Embolism in an Elderly Female

摘要


高血糖高滲透壓狀態是一種可能危及生命的急症,其特徵包括顯著的高血糖、高滲透壓,加上輕微或沒有酮酸血症。在美國,高血糖高滲透壓狀態的發生率每年少於千分之一,但可能隨著第二型糖尿病的盛行率增加而增加。和糖尿病酮酸中毒相較之下,高血糖高滲透壓狀態的進展相當的緩慢而不易察覺,所以發現時多半已較嚴重,死亡率較高。通常,在高血糖高滲透壓狀態的患者,可以找到促使因子,最常見的是感染或胰島素治療中斷或用量不足。在本個案中,致命性的急性肺栓塞可能才是促使其高血糖高滲透壓狀態之主因。在急性大量肺栓塞的老年患者中,若沒有血栓溶解治療禁忌症,他們在接受血栓溶解治療後併發大出血的機率與非老年患者相仿。因此,在沒有禁忌症的情況下,急性大量肺栓塞併持續性低血壓的老年患者,仍可考慮接受血栓溶解治療,以增加患者的存活率。

並列摘要


Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is a life-threatening emergency manifested by marked elevation of blood glucose, hyperosmolarity, and little or no ketosis. In the United States, the incidence of HHS is less than 1 case per 1000 person-years, but it may increase as the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus rises. Compared to diabetic ketoacidosis, HHS is usually insidious, but more likely to be lethal by the time patients present typical symptoms. Several precipitating factors can usually be identified in patients with HHS. The most common factors are infections and discontinued or inadequate insulin therapy. In this case, fatal pulmonary embolism may contribute to the patient's HHS. Studies showed that older age is not a contraindication to thrombolysis in patients with acute massive pulmonary embolism. Therefore, thrombolytic therapy, if without contraindications, can also be considered in the elderly with acute massive pulmonary embolism and persistent hypotension.

被引用紀錄


陳秋曲、賴美玉、劉泰程、蘇俊郎(2016)。頸髓損傷患者併發急性肺與支氣管動脈栓塞台灣醫學20(5),460-465。https://doi.org/10.6320/FJM.2016.20(5).3

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