澎湖設置觀光賭場的社會正義分析－以鄰避設施的觀點

An Analysis of Social Justice of Establishing Casino in Penghu: NIMBY's Perspective

黃躍雯(Yueh-Wen Huang)

《島嶼觀光研究》 1卷1期 (2008/09) Pp. 1-29

https://doi.org/10.29859/JITR.200809.0001

摘要

通常鄰避設施多選設在空間及社會結構邊陲的地方，而其設施多有一方受益，另一方受害，也因而引發不少對空間社會正義問題的討論。在鄰避設施的相關研究中，發現有些鄰避設施，不全然都爲地方上的居民所嫌棄，有些甚至還獲得相當程度的居民支持，例如在澎湖擬設觀光賭場的案例中，係地方爲了追求經濟發展，國家爲了追求資本積累，而爰獲不少支持，卻也引發另一群地方人士的反對，擔心它對地方社會文化及空間形式造成負面且難逆的衝擊，因而引發長期的爭議，且議而難決。本研究經由田野調查、內容分析及調查研究等方法，認爲台灣、澎湖及其離島居民確對觀光賭場都存有「鄰避情結」，有較多的人不贊成離家太近。在澎湖本島，由於經濟發展的迫切需要，支持興設觀光賭場的居民中，贊成者達五成六，反對者有三成二，與歷年來的調查（贊成略高於反對）大致吻合，其反對的原因也大致與歷年的調查類似，鄰避情結也依然存在。但本文不認爲該唱和該民調數字：一方面基於對調查方法、設計與動機有所質疑；另一方面認爲應重新檢視政府的角色，及與地方社會（社團）的分工，重新定位應有的職權與職能，再來決定澎湖未來發展的軸線與方向，例如發展自主性的生態旅遊或文化觀光等，才不致落入空間與社會的不義。

關鍵字

觀光賭場 ； 鄰避設施 ； 鄰避情結 ； 社會正義 ； 澎湖

並列摘要

Generally speaking, most NIMBY (Not in My Back Yard) facilities are located in periphery of space or social structures with advantages for some and disadvantages for the others. This issue has led to a series of discusses about social justice related to space usages. The reactions of the NIMBY issue are extremes; not all residences disagree; some of them even support the decision. For example, the proposal about casino in Penghu, the advocators suggest to develop and integrate capital for the state. On the other hand, the other residents are afraid that will have negative impacts on social cultures and NIMBY effects of space forms. Therefore, it leads to a critical debate and is hard to solve. By fieldworks, content analysis, case studies and investigates, this research found that residents living in Taiwan, Penghu and remote islands do have ”NIMBY syndrome” about the casino issues and dislike casino located near by. However, it should be noted that this against is not serious. In statistics, the supports reached 5.6percents of residents living in Penghu, with 3.2 percents against. This result is similar to historical statistics as well as the reasons and orders of supports and opposites are the same. However, this research suggests that it should not completely depend upon the polls. On one hand, the research methods, designs, and trimmings are questioned; on the other hand, the role of state, and the division of labor in branch of state, local communities (institutes) and local governments should be re-examined. Re-defining the authority of office and function is necessary prior to decide the development of Penghu to avoid falling into the social injustices.

並列關鍵字

Casino ； NIMBY facilities ； NIMBY syndrome ； Social justice ； Penghu

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