島嶼生態觀光之研究—以小琉球為例

近年來，世界各地陸續出現各種的天災浩劫，如洪水肆虐、漫長乾旱、抑或撲天蓋地的海嘯等，顯見大自然的反撲是如此的無情，人類也該開始學習與環境和平共處，進而建立友善的生態與環境。因此，隨著世界環境保護意識的普及與高漲、自然景觀保護區管理的重視以及觀光旅遊消費市場的轉變，一種有別於傳統大眾旅遊，將遊憩活動與生態保育、環境教育以及文化體驗結合的觀光型態逐漸產生，稱之為「生態觀光」。且我國交通部宣布自2011年3月起開始推動「小琉球生態觀光島」4年計畫，正欲透過規劃生態觀光的行銷策略，整合政府、學者觀點、民間觀光組織、在地業者等多面的力量，戮力推廣在地生態觀光發展。經研究者實地走訪研究小琉球觀光地區後，親身參與觀察研究當地的觀光發展，發現當地在導入生態觀光模式後，為觀光發展帶來一些利與弊的共存現象，生態觀光是個發展契機，但地方觀光業者的配套措施卻未盡臻善。研究者建議應該將培訓合格的生態導覽解說人員為首要任務；接著要劃定固定的生態教育區域，避免過多的遊客承載量破壞生態保育區；更可以響應政府低碳島計畫，妥善建設單車環島路線；最後，建立各界意見交流的平台尋求共識，發展最適合小琉球的島嶼生態旅遊模式。

關鍵字

生態觀光；小琉球；低碳島

並列摘要

Recently, there are a lot of catastrophes everywhere in the world, such as flood, aridity, or tsunami...etc. Obviously the counterattack of Nature is so ruthless and fierce that makes people stop to ponder the effect and relearn how to co-exist with nature peacefully. Therefore, as the changes of environment protection, Nature protected area, and tourism market, a brand-new tourism combines with recreation, conservation, environment education, and cultural experience called ”Ecotourism”. In Taiwan, the government promoted a 4-years plan of Liuqiu Island as an ”Ecotour Island” from March 2011. We want to integrate the consensus among overnment, scholars, civil organizations, and local people to popularize the ecotouism there. With the research method of observer-as-participant, we found that the development of local tourism has become pros and cons after introducing the ecotourism. As though that is really a big chance, they don't approach the supporting measures for sustainable management. So, we suggested that they should educated and trained the eco-narrators as soon as possible, assign the specific area for eco-education, and to control carrying capacity, moreover, they can follow the official ”Low-carbon Island plan” to construct the bike routes and set-up the platform for local interactions to make consensus in Liuqiu Island.