地形圖中地形呈現方式與產品規格討論

On the Product Specification of Terrain Representation in Topographic Map

史天元

《地籍測量：中華民國地籍測量學會會刊》 38卷1期 (2019/03) Pp. 18-30

摘要

「空間認知」有文化影響的因素，隨同住居與活動環境之地形特徵不同，在人的認知空間中產生不同的定位方式。但是，時間的影響，亦為「空間認知」變化的顯著因子。尤其是在數位化發生之後，圖資使用的高度普及化，不只是「空間認知」的文化習慣產生變動，對於空間資訊的提供方式與要求，亦產生相當幅度之演進。而在行動通訊普及化，尤其是智慧型裝置的廣泛使用，圖資產製與規格的思維觀念，已經產生基本變化。這些發展的首要重點在於經濟效益，為求最大化投資報酬比，單一的高規格規範似無法充分因應當前需求。有鑑於「空間資訊」從業環境與社會期待的變化，本文謹就當前社會多樣態圖資的需求、多精度與解析度圖資之接納、以及因而引起的圖資標準變化，針對地形圖中地形展現方式與製圖標準要求，如等高線，提出個人觀察，以為參考。而隨同樣態、精度與解析度，各個面向多重化之圖資產生與流通，「詮釋資料」已為是否能夠妥善使用圖資的關鍵。在採用不同製圖標準生產地形圖時，「詮釋資料」是重要的配合作為。

關鍵字

詮釋資料 ； 多樣態圖資 ； 圖資產品標準

並列摘要

Culture is an influencing factor of spatial recognition. With topographic features of their immediate environments, people frequently develop mental systems with features that form a map of their geographical settings. Meanwhile, temporal influence also is an important factor to consider. In the present day, the advent of the digital era has not just changed the spatial recognition media of society, but also changed the demand and expectation of geospatial information supply and dissimilation. The progress of mobile communication, particularly the intelligent units, results in change of general perspective on the production and specification of geospatial information products. This article addresses an issue with the multiple source and multiple specification geospatial information. Based on personal observation, the need for geospatial information with a large variety of specifications is obvious. As a typical example, one may adopt different standards for the contours in a topographic map, which is one of the major terrain presentation methods. Economic value is the key driving factor for such adaptations. In order to maximize the cost to performance ratio, a single high standard specification would not fulfil the requirements of society. To cope with this progress, metadata is becoming highly important to correctly utilize the geospatial information from multiple sources and with different specifications. In addition, metadata is the most important way to properly document topographic products with different specifications.

並列關鍵字

Metadata ； multi-type geospatial information ； product specification of geospatial information