清代女性文學批評者論情－以牡丹亭、紅樓夢的評語為主

A Disscussion on the Meaning of "Love" from the Female Literature Criticism in Qing Dynasty-Mainly Based on the Crits of "Mu-Dang Ting" and "Hong Lou Meng"

鐘雪寧(Shueh-Ning Chung)

《南亞學報》 31期 (2011/12) Pp. 597-611

https://doi.org/10.6989/JN.201112.0597

摘要

中國文學批評向來以男性文人批評為其主流傳統，而少有女性批評者的聲音，然而自明中葉之後，由於社會思潮、哲學思想的轉變，以及戲曲創作的風行，促成了婦女參與戲劇欣賞及評論的機會，也留下了一批為數不少、屬於明清婦女戲曲批評的材料，其中以對《牡丹亭》一劇的批評著墨最多，成就也最顯著。因此，本文試圖透過清代婦女對《牡丹亭》的評點材料內容，尋找並勾勒出屬於當時女性心目中關於「情」內涵的體悟及思索。而繼《牡丹亭〉之後，另一部引起人們廣泛注意及討論的言情鉅著《紅樓夢》，亦是清代婦女們積極參與閱讀的作品，由於小說文本的流傳廣泛以及讀者的熱烈回響，此時亦有眾多以演出《紅樓》故事的戲曲產生。因此，清代女性於閱讀、觀劇之餘，也將自我的感觸與觀點形諸筆墨，留下了許多題《紅》、評《紅》的詩詞作品。筆者擬將所蒐集的清代女性題紅作品做大略的歸納，並將其作為清中葉之後有關女性評論中對於「情」之表述及思考的代表，然後，與清初（康、雍時代）之女性評點作一連接、比對，探究其中是否有所轉變或承繼的軌跡，以見出在一片男性文人為主導的情性思考中，女性如何以其獨具的細膩心思及生命體悟，在「文學」此一有情天地中描繪出屬於她們的色彩。

關鍵字

清代女性文學 ； 戲曲評點

並列摘要

In Chinese literary criticism, men have been traditionally playing the dominated roles in the mainstream as the critics; very little voices from women have been heard. However, after the mid-period of Ming dynasty, because of the changes in social thoughts, philosophies and the popularity of traditional drama and opera, more and more women had a chance to participate the the activities and add their comments. As a result, quite a number of criticism materials by female to the drama in Ming and Qing Dynasty have been left. Among which, the drama critics on ”Mu-Dang Ting” has significant amount and achievements. This article attempts to use these materials and tries to understand and outline the meaning of love and feeling from female's perspectives in these periods. In addition to ”Mu-Dang Ting”, another romance masterpiece which received widespread attention and discussion is ”Hong Lou Meng”. It attracted quite a lot of female readers and widely held enthusiastic response froms them. The Qing Dynasty women left many comments and poetry works around ”Hong Lou Meng”. This article would also collect the criticism and the works of the Qing Dynasty women and compare with the comments and works of Ming Dynasty women, trying to explore the change and succession of how women uniquely and delicately express themself in a male dominated thinking world in the literature.

並列關鍵字

Female literature of Qing Dynasty ； opera criticism