閩南語陽去聲字之吟式研究

On the Styles of Recitation of Yang Falling Tone in Southern Min

陳茂仁(Mao-Jen Chen)

《嘉大中文學報》 5期 (2011/03) Pp. 155-180

https://doi.org/10.29892/JCLNCU.201103.0006

摘要

吟詩為體現詩歌聲情韻律美之最佳方式，吟者如欲傳達詩作意境，如實地按文字聲調去吟，實為傳統吟詩法之不二法門；否則造成倒調，音別義誤，詩意盡失，則無遑再論聲情之美聽矣。吟式之變化，在在影響詩歌意境及吟者聲情之傳顯，不同之吟式，亦直捷左右詩歌音樂感染力之強弱。以閩南語吟詩，除須留意四聲之分外，更須注重陰陽之別。今之吟者，或套吟流傳古調，或自擬新調，然多見以一調套吟眾詩，又或以時曲唱詩，凡此皆易產生倒調；吟者或知須忠於字調，然為求吟式之多變，以至疏忽而倒調時見。以閩南語最近於唐代語音，故此小文，即以閩南語為吟詠媒介，由去聲字之特色述起，接及近代吟壇前輩對陽去聲字之處理方式，再及陽去聲字之特色與吟式兩相配合，提出陽去聲字之吟式變化。冀在前人研究基礎上做更深入之探究，使此傳統吟詠文化不致斷絕，而能更形發展，使有志於此文化傳承者，能有參酌之資。

關鍵字

去聲 ； 四聲 ； 吟式 ； 吟詩 ； 陽去聲 ； 閩南語 ； 聲調

並列摘要

Recitation is the best way to demonstrate the rhyme and the beauty of musicality of poetry. To faithfully express the meanings of a poem, accurate recitation is the only way. Mispronunciation of tones will not only render a poem meaningless but also undermine the beauty of the sounds of a poem. Recitation affects deeply the expression of sounds and meanings of a poem. Recitation also determines the appeal of a poem. In addition to differentiating four tones, when reciting a poem in Southern Min, more attention should be paid to the distinction of voicing of falling tone. Nowadays, the reciters of poetry either utilize historical tones or create new tones. Oftentimes, they recite all poems in one tone or in modern tones. Some who understand the importance of reciting in correct tones cannot show the beauty of the sounds of a poem. Because the pronunciation of Southern Min is the closest to the tones used in Tang Dynasty among those of the dialects in China, most of the publications on recitation of poetry teach readers to recite poems in Southern Min. In this paper, I first discuss the features falling tone in Southern Min. Then I demonstrate how modern master reciters of poetry deal with yang falling tone. Finally, I propose how to recite the yang falling tone, taking the features of yang falling tone and recitation styles into consideration. This article, by exploring poem reciting in depth based on previous studies, may also serve to bridge the predecessors in this field and those who would devote to propagation of this culture.

並列關鍵字

falling tone ； four tones ； recitation style ； poem reciting ； yang falling tone ； Southern Min ； Tones