《史記‧魏其武安侯列傳》人物形象析論

Character Analysis on "Shiji‧Biography of WeiQi and WuAn Marquises"

黃世錦(Shi-Jin Huang)

《嘉大中文學報》 6期 (2011/09) Pp. 149-181

https://doi.org/10.29892/JCLNCU.201109.0005

摘要

《史記‧魏其武安侯列傳》，是《史記》中膾炙人口的著名篇章。對於傳中人物合傳之緣由，歷來聚訟紛紛，有仁智互見之探討。諸家評論意見紛呈，各持一端以抒己論，咸有所本所見，大都能言之成理。本文撰作之旨，不在探討竇嬰、田蚡二人合傳合理與否，旨在透過《史記》本傳中對二人事蹟之記載，以勾勒傳中人物之形象。由於傳中灌夫事蹟記載詳盡，人物之口吻與形象之描繪，栩栩如生，宛現目前，加以與竇嬰、田蚡二人恩怨糾葛，命運息息相關，故本文對灌夫之人物形象亦同加探討。此外，附見人物籍福，儘管本傳對其著墨不多，然其人形象頗可勾勒，故同立一節專加探討。本篇刻畫人物言語行止可謂生動深刻，讀來如聞其聲，宛見其行事為人，在言語行動中人物之性格表露無遺。在「兩個貴戚，一個酒徒」的恩怨風波中，呈現西漢盛世下統治階級的傾軋爭權，竇、田兩大外戚家族的尖銳矛盾。對竇嬰與田蚡二者之評價，司馬遷以「魏其之舉以吳、楚，武安之貴在日月之際」加以軒至，二人雖均是外戚，然竇嬰以戰功顯達，田蚡以裙帶關係貴幸，二人高下薰蕕立判。本文分析竇嬰之人物形象，以「不慕榮利，不棄舊交」二語括之；田蚡之人物形象，以「沽名釣譽，權欲薰心」二語盡之；灌夫之人物形象，則以「匹夫之勇，不知進退」二語概之；籍福之人物形象，則以「睿智洞達，任俠解紛」二語評之。

關鍵字

史記 ； 司馬遷 ； 竇嬰 ； 田蚡 ； 灌夫 ； 人物形象

並列摘要

”Shiji‧Biography of WeiQi and WuAn Marquises” is a popular and well-known chapter in ”Shiji.” The reason that the two noblemen had their biography bound together has various saying and cross discussions with different views. Everyone has different comments and views without provenance but most of them can be justified. The purpose of writing this paper aims to outline the images of the characters in the biography by records of the two marquises in ”Shiji” but not exploring the rationality of having DouYing's and TianFen's biography bounded together. Due to the detailed biography of Guanfu, descriptions of the tone and image of the characters in the biography are vivid as happening in front of us now. In addition, although the character, JiFu is not well elaborated in Shiji, there is a chapter set in this paper for him since the character image worth some exploration. The portrayed speeches and behaviors of the characters can be described as vivid and profound, we seem that to hear their voices as witnessing their lives while reading. The characters of the two noblemen were revealed in the speech and act. In the disturbance of ”two marquises and a drinker,” the strife struggle for power between the ruling classes of the Western Han Dynasty Golden Age showing the sharp contradictions between the Dou and Tian family of the wives'. Evaluations of both DouYing and TianFen are classified by Sima Qian ”WeiQi's move is similar to Wu and Chu. The precious of WuAn is like the sun and moon.” Although both of then are from the wives' families, DouYing shined by his exploits while TianFen was popular by the nepotism of his family, revealed the better one. In this paper, character analysis of DouYing is summed as ”Not envy the vanity, not give up old friends” and ”Desire fame and lost in power” characterized TianFen, while GuanFu was characterized by ”bold courage without knowing the advance and retreat,” and JiFu is characterized by ”wise, informed, selfless and dispute resolving.”

並列關鍵字

Shiji ； Sima Qian ； DouYing ； TianFen ； GuanFu ； character image