保母人員工作壓力與肌肉骨骼不適情形之研究

目的：本研究的目的在於探討社區保母系統中保母人員的工作壓力與肌肉骨骼不適情形，研究對象是266位中部加入社區保母系統中的在職保母。方法：工作壓力的測量理論依據是Karasek的工作需求與控制模式，由技能裁量、工作自主、心理負荷等面向來衡量工作壓力的高低，北歐肌肉骨骼問卷調查表中的部分問題則被用來評估肌肉骨骼傷害的情形。結果：研究結果發現與其他曾被調查的職業類別相比，保母人員的技能裁量權較高、工作可自主性較高及心理負荷感較低；最近一個月內，71.1%曾發生肌肉骨骼不適症狀，不適持續時間較長的是肩膀、脖子、下背或腰部、手肘和手腕，不適頻率最高的部位是肩膀和頸部，疼痛程度多屬於輕微或是不自在、不舒服的程度，保母年資是軀幹部位不適情形的有效預測變項；而工作自主性程度是上肢不適之有效預測變項。結論：就工作需求與控制模式的觀點，保母是適合婦女就業的職場，惟須注意使用合宜姿勢進行工作以避免肌肉骨骼的傷害。

關鍵字

保母；社區保母系統；工作需求與控制模式；工作壓力；肌肉骨骼不適

並列摘要

Purposes: This study investigates occupational stress and musculoskeletal discomfort in child caregivers. Methods: Participants included 266 child caregivers participating in the Community Childcare Provider Scheme. Karasek's Demand-Control Model was used to measure occupational stress in terms of three facets: skill discretion, job control and psychological demands and sections of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire were used to evaluate musculoskeletal discomfort. Results: Results showed participants had stronger skill discretion and job control and less psychological demands in comparison with the general workforce. During the final month of the study, 71.1% of participants reported suffering from musculoskeletal discomfort syndromes, with longer durations reported for shoulder, neck, lower back, elbow and wrist discomforts and higher frequencies reported for shoulder and neck discomforts. Average level of pain was minor to somewhat uncomfortable. Number of working years was a significant predictor of body discomfort and job control is a significant predictor of upper limb discomfort. Conclusions: The demand-control model found childcare to be a suitable job for women. Correct posture while performing childcare duties can help minimize musculoskeletal injury risk.

並列關鍵字

Child caregiver ； community childcare scheme ； demand-control model ； occupational stress ； musculoskeletal discomfort

參考文獻

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