全球化下台灣部分工時工作決定因素與趨勢之探討

Exploring Taiwan's Part-time Job under Globalization; Determinants and Trend

張芳華(Fang-Hua Jhang)

《台灣勞動評論》 4卷1期 (2012/06) Pp. 43-88

https://doi.org/10.29744/TLR.201206.0003

摘要

在全球化競爭壓力下，企業為使利潤最大化，因而使部份工時就業成長。台灣在加入WTO後也面臨相同競爭壓力，但部份工時就業人口卻遠低於OECD國家。本文企圖了解造成各國部份工時工作變異的因素，並探討台灣此類就業型態的發展。使用多層次邏輯迴歸法分析其決定因素後，再探討該結構因素與部份工時工作間的關聯。研究發現為：一、台灣從事部分工時就業比重仍偏低；二、在個人層次中，年齡與性別和部份工時工作有關；三、國家層次中的服務業就業比例是部份工作工作的決定因素。本文也發現2005年後台灣部份工時工作就業比例隨服務業就業比例而改變。不過，台灣目前仍未有部份工時工作勞動法，文末對非典型就業安全提出三項建議。

關鍵字

部份工時工作 ； 全球化 ； 服務業

並列摘要

Under the pressure of global competitions, enterprises tend to rely on cheaper and low-skilled laborers in order to maximize their profits. It is such 'cost-down-oriented' strategy that leads to the emergence and popularity of part-time employment. What is interesting about the case of Taiwan is that even the country has been a member of the WTO for a decade, the number of part-time workers in Taiwan is still much lower than that of OECD countries. This article aims to understand the determinants of part-time job among countries through cross-national comparative study and explore the developmental trend of part-time job in Taiwan. Adopting multilevel logistic regression method to analyze ISSP data, the results of this study include: first, the proportion of part-time job in Taiwan is indeed relatively low compared with other advanced countries; second, in the individual level, age and sex are associated with part-time employment; third, in the national level, the proportion of service industry employment in the total employment of the country is the main determinant of the part-time job. Taiwan's low proportion of service sector employment reduces the possibility of part-time employment. The article also shows that the proportion of part-time employment has been accompanying with the change of service industry employment since 2005. Part-Time Labor Law, nevertheless, has not been enacted in Taiwan. Therefore, the paper finally provides three suggestions for safety of nonstandard employment.

並列關鍵字

part-time job ； globalization ； service industry