- 期刊
Minimum Energy Expenditure of Arm and Leg Motions
並列摘要
The purpose of the study is to find the optimized arm and leg motions by computer simulation. The research method of this study was based on Lagrange-Euler equations (LEE) of motion and the seven types of homogeneous transformation matrices (CH-7T) defined by Chiu [1]. A dynamic system with 10 degrees of freedom (DoF) was established for segments of the right arm, while segments of the right leg were defined as a dynamic system with 9 DoF. A video camera was used to shoot two motions of 16 male subjects. For the first motion, subjects stood motionless in the initial state, and then they were free to adopt what they consider the most comfortable way to lift their right arm until it rested alongside the head in the final state. For the second motion, subjects were required to lift their right leg. Then applying LEE of motion in analyzing the video, this study calculated the energy expenditure for the arm motion and the leg motion. Additionally, the video was used to locate the boundary conditions for the initial state and the final state of two motions. With the data on boundary conditions, the minimum energy expenditure (MEE) was calculated. There were three major findings in the analytic results. First, the calculated energy expenditure for simulated optimal arm motion of 16 subjects was 93% of the energy expenditure for the real arm motion done in an individualized way. Second, the calculated energy expenditure for simulated optimal leg motion of 16 subjects was 81% of the energy expenditure for the real leg motion done in an individualized way. It was obvious that adopting the simulated optimal trajectory required less energy than completing the motion in individualized ways. Third, it was found that performing arm motion required less energy than performing leg motion. The result demonstrated that the former had more efficiency than the latter, evidencing that humans manipulate their arm better than their leg. Whether there are other factors involved in the difference of efficiency between arm and leg motion will be reserved for further research.
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