以「學校為本位」自殺防治計畫之探究

本文透過文獻分析與深度訪談，探討自殺這個全球性的議題要如何回歸學校本位，積極地透過教育和輔導等措施來有效進行自殺防治。在文獻分析部分，先探討學生自殺議題的重要性與嚴重性，針對國內近年來對24歲以下年輕人的自殺相關數據來瞭解學生的自殺意念、行動及死亡情形，並探討媒體模仿效應；再彙整以學校為本位的自殺防治計畫內涵，以及自殺察覺計畫、校本篩檢計畫、因應與支持計畫、學校守門人培訓等推動策略；進一步探討如何規劃與實施以學校為本的自殺防治計畫，整理出兩種模式：一、提升保護因子／降低風險因子；二、全面性策略、選擇性策略與指標性策略。為有利於計畫之實踐，提醒須加強對憂鬱症及非自殺性自傷的評估、辨識與協助。最後，本研究訪談兩位資深學校輔導人員，依其經驗與建議提出兩個實務案例，具體研擬以「學校為本位」自殺防治計畫，並說明推動成效。本研究建議自殺防治計畫應考慮學校環境及學生狀況，依照風險程度及對象來運用多元方法及策略並重視強化正向保護因子，並建議可納入學校課程計畫與學生輔導計畫。

關鍵字

自殺防治；學校本位；學生自殺；非自殺性自傷

並列摘要

Through literature analysis and in-depth interviews, the paper explores how the global issue of suicide can be improved from a school-based perspective and how effective suicide prevention and treatment can be achieved through education and counseling measures. In the literature analysis section, I first analyze the importance and seriousness of the student suicide issue, focusing on the recent data about suicide of youth under the age of 24 to understand students' suicidal ideation, actions, and deaths, and to explore the media imitation effect. The purpose is to propose several promotion strategies, such as suicide awareness programs, school-based screening programs, coping and support programs, and school gatekeeper training. To further explore how to plan and implement school-based suicide prevention programs, two models were identified: (1) enhancement of protective factors/reduction of risk factors, and (2) comprehensive strategies, selective strategies, and indicator strategies. In order to facilitate program implementation, it is important to strengthen the assessment, identification, and assistance of depression and nonsuicidal self-injury. Finally, the study interviewed two experienced school counselors to present two case studies based on their experiences, and then developed a school-based suicide prevention program and illustrated its effectiveness. The study recommends the programs should consider the school environment and student conditions, use multiple methods and strategies according to the degree of risk and targets, and emphasize the strengthening of protective factors. It is also suggested to incorporate these programs into school curriculum plans and student guidance plans.

並列關鍵字

suicide prevention ； school-based ； student suicide ； nonsuicidal self-injury

參考文獻

王迺燕、林美珠、周兆平、溫嬛椿（2011）。高憂鬱情緒青少年之憂鬱疾患及自殺傾向：跨一年追蹤之研究。中華心理衛生學刊，24（1），25-59。doi:10.30074/FJMH.201103_24(1).0002。

王韻齡、許耀文（2006）。以「素質－壓力」模式探討中學生自殺危險因子。北市醫學雜誌，3（11），65-77。doi:10. 6200/TCMJ.2006.3.11.07。

李佩珊（2020）。校園精神疾病學生之教育輔導策略—生態系統觀點。教育研究與實踐學刊，67（1），87-100。doi:10.6701/JEPR.202006_67(1).0004。

卓芬菁（2011）。「一問、二應、三轉介」的應用實例分享。自殺防治網通訊，6（3），1 7。doi:10.30126/NSPN.201109.0010。

廖士程、李明濱、龍佛衛、張家銘、吳佳儀（ 2015 ）。臺灣自殺防治十年回顧檢討與展望。臺灣公共衛生雜誌，34（3），227-239。doi:10.6288/TJPH201534103131。

國際替代計量

以「學校為本位」自殺防治計畫之探究

全文下載

主題瀏覽