法院審查精神病患強制住院之密度

因精神病患易被視為不定時炸彈，經過評估嚴重者，始能強制住院，且其常無病識感，因未繼續服藥控制病情，致療效不佳、反覆發作精神不穩定，甚者，傷害自己或他人。而強制住院治療之目的，雖著重醫療照顧與社會危險防衛等理念，係以醫療照顧為主要方式，然因採取強制方式，其涉及憲法對人身自由之基本人權維護之重大限制，自應考量維護病人與維護社會和諧安寧間之權益平衡，審慎評估危險之預防與人權之維護。再者，強制住院之認定，倘無確實之基準，可能會危害社會大眾或精神病患之人權，致醫病關係處於緊張與對立，誠屬重要之法律議題。基本上，本文以法院審查精神病患強制住院之密度為主論，分別探究精神病患強制住院之法律性質、學說、司法及行政實務見解之異同、強制精神病患住院之救濟途徑、法院介入審查密度及法院面臨之問題等議題，暨就上開課題提出檢討與建議。本文認為應設立地方法院醫事專業法庭，並且將強制住院之救濟由醫事專業法庭審理，其包括強制住院治療程序三階段程序之具體規定，並由較具相關經驗之法官審理，較能夠作出公正之裁判，包括建立證照制度，因應未來社會分工複雜化，法官亦應日趨專業，亦較能符合社會之期待。

關鍵字

精神病患；強制住院；審查密度

並列摘要

The psychiatric patients, probably like time bombs, making themselves worse in failing to continuous medication, will cause poor medical efficacy and occurrence of repeating mental episodes. On the other hand, the judicial and administrative practical procedure in forcing those with psychiatric disorders to involuntary commitment in non-medical professional judicial reviewing is likely to infringe fundamental constitutional rights of freedom. Based on setting upto assess and review involuntary commitment of psychiatric patients to ideal legal operation involving human right of freedom by continual physical limitations, this study recommends firstly to develop a special local medical professional court, and regulate the events involving involuntary commitment to this court, inclusive of compulsory hospitalization program in three-staging procedure. Secondly, it is important to establish of specific licensing system for the court inresponse to complex of those psychiatric events, and meet social expectations.