《大般涅槃經卷十九、卷二十》阿闍世王故事探析

本文首先簡介《大般涅槃經卷十九、卷二十》中阿闍世王的故事：阿闍世王是個性情不好的君王，因為懷恨父王曾經傷害過他，於是篡位，將父王囚禁至死。後來良知未泯，心生悔意，但卻花報現前，身生毒瘡，無法療治。名醫耆婆見大王有悔意，於是極力推薦他去求助於釋迦牟尼佛，耆婆列舉了二十幾件事例作見證，這些事例都是佛陀曾經說法救助過的，或是曾經接受他們供養的，用以建立阿闍世王對佛陀的信心。接著，亡父頻婆娑羅王還顯靈勸導，讓阿闍世王驚恐昏厥。最後佛陀大顯神通，放「月愛三昧」光療癒阿闍世王的身瘡。身病已醫，心病未治，阿闍世王仍舊處於極度沒有信心之中，他以為佛陀不跟惡人接觸，因此，認為自己是無法見到如來的；又假若他得見如來，以他殺父之罪，死後仍要墮入地獄！後來在耆婆的鼓勵下，他終於願意一試，前去拜見佛陀，蒙佛陀為他解說阿闍世王與父親頻婆娑羅王的前世因果，這才讓他從殺父的罪惡感中解脫出來，從此成為佛教的大護法。本文藉由上述故事加以探析，分析歸納佛法中的道理與佛陀說法的特點，共有四點：一、五欲熾盛，迷昧因果之理；二、花報與果報之理；三、慚愧懺悔可消罪業之理；四、佛陀說法平等。藉以此數點論證，闡明佛法於一斑。

關鍵字

阿闍世王；花報；果報；懺悔；月愛三昧

並列摘要

The paper first presents the story of Ajatashatru from Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra Vol. 19 & 20. Ajatashatru was an unmoral king who overthrew his father to become the king himself because his father had hurt him badly. After stealing the throne, Ajatashatru imprisoned his father for the rest of his life. Later on, Ajatashatru's conscience awakened, regretting for what he had done. Ajatashatru was suffering from skin ulcers that last continuously. At then, a famous doctor, Jivaka, recognized the remorse of the king and prompted him to ask Gautama Buddha for help. Jivaka showed Ajatashatru 29 testimonies from people, who had either been helped by Gautama Buddha or supported Gautama Buddha, to help Ajatashatru gain faith in Gautama Buddha. Later, the spirit of Ajatashatru's father, Bimbisāra, also showed up and tried to persuade Ajatashatru, making Ajatashatru so scared and fainted. Last, Gautama Buddha revealed his power by treating Ajatashatru's skin ulcers with Moon love samadhi.Although Ajatashatru's physical illness was cured, his mental problem remained, making him extremely unconfident about himself. Ajatashatru thought that the Buddha would reject evil people, and thus it is impossible for him to meet Tathāgata. Even if he had had a chance to meet Tathāgata, he believed that he would be sent to hell because of the sin of murdering his own father. With Jivaka's continuous encouragement, he finally took an opportunity to visit the Buddha, who kindly explained to him the casualty between Ajatashatru and his father Bimbisāra, releasing him from the sin of killing his father. Ajatashatru eventually became one of the guardians of Buddhism.The author used the above story as an example to analyze the following ideas of Buddhism: 1) The reasons why we may lose ourselves in causality when our five desires are intense; 2) The reasons why there are flower karma and fruit-bearing karma; 3) The reasons confession and regret can reduce our sin and bad karma; 4) Everyone are treated equal by Buddha in his preaching. The above points are used to explain Buddhism and to give the readers a brief glimpse of the borderless realm of Buddhism.

並列關鍵字

Ajatashatru ； Flower karma ； Fruit-bearing karma ； Confess ； Moon Love Samadhi

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《大般涅槃經卷十九、卷二十》阿闍世王故事探析

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