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論《長生殿》之〈獻髮〉、〈進果〉、〈疑讖〉、〈偷曲〉及其相關改編問題

On "Donate Hair"、"Tribute Fruit"、"Suspect Prophecy"、"Stealing Songs" of "The Palace of Eternal Youth" and Their Related Adaptation Issues

摘要


本論文處理的問題有三:一是從曹操「割髮代首」的故事,談洪昇《長生殿》的〈獻髮〉與〈進果〉是否受到這個故事的影響或啟發?並兼論高力士形象的塑造,是否也受到間接影響?二是談〈疑讖〉改為〈酒樓〉之後,有的演出本進一步加工改編,探討其變化如何?三是「李謩偷曲」故事淵源何來?李謩此一人物在《長生殿》中的作用如何?經探討分析,結論如下:首先,三國時曹操「割髮代首」的故事,「割髮」與《楊太真外傳》原有的「剪髮」轉為《長生殿》中的「獻髮」,「割髮」的肇因「馬騰入麥中」轉為〈進果〉中的「踏苗踐人」,並結合原先的進貢荔枝情節,最後再將「曹瞞詐術深」移往高力士身上,豐富細緻化這個腳色!再者,今本折子戲〈酒樓〉之局部加工改編,使本齣不再是以讖詩預言楊貴妃馬嵬坡之死為主,而是為腳色(郭子儀)量身打造的一齣戲,不僅道出郭子儀的人生浮沈,可能也道出了與其相似不遇的許多人共同心聲,甚至奢望「不次擢拔」。第三則探討李謩偷曲的故事淵源及其在《長生殿》中的作用如何?發現李謩相關的改編素材,理應有元稹的〈連昌宮詞〉在內。而李謩也貫串了長安、馬嵬坡、金陵三地的十年人事,其作用顯在於抒發天寶興亡之黍離滄桑!並與劇中《霓裳羽衣》曲的傳播路線、李楊情緣回歸天庭、《長生殿》流播人間有關。人世間的傳播路徑非止於李龜年而已,而是由偷曲未全的李謩來完成這個傳曲任務。最終,使得《長生殿》永久流傳的冀望,與唐明皇、楊貴妃情緣歸宿於永恆之境相呼應!

並列摘要


There are three issues dealt with in this thesis: First, from the story of Cao Cao's "Cutting hair instead of head", is it possible to discuss whether Hong Sheng's "Donate hair" and "Tribute fruit" in the "The Palace of Eternal Youth" were influenced or inspired by this story? Also discusses the shaping of the image of Gao Lix, is it also indirectly affected? The second is to talk about how to change the performance of some performance books after changing from "Suspect Prophecy" to "Restaurant". How about the changes? The third is the origin of the story of "Li Mo stealing song"? What is the role of Li Mo in "The Palace of Eternal Youth"?

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