國土計畫法對於違建寺廟合法化的影響

On Spatial Planning Act's Influence on Legalization of Illegal temples

黃運喜(Huang, Yun-shi)

《法印學報》 10期 (2019/12) Pp. 75-94

摘要

國土計畫法將從民國111年5月1日開始全面執行，此法將全國土地使用採雙層管制，第一層是分為四個功能分區：國土保育地區、海洋資源地區、農業發展地區、城鄉發展地區。在此四大地區下再依照敏感程度各分第一類、第二類、其他必要分類等三類，共15小類。第二層是在這四個功能分區分類的規範下，再分別規定不同程度的使用管制：「國土功能分區及其分類之使用地類別編定、變更、規模、可建築用地及其強度、應經申請同意使用項目、條件、程序、免經申請同意使用項目、禁止或限制使用及其他應遵行之土地使用管制事項之規則，由中央主管機關定之。」區域計畫法的精神「開發許可制」，國土計畫法則是「使用許可制」。本文僅就國土計畫法現行進度，提出在法律面、社會面、實務面上，對於臺灣違建寺廟尋求合法化的影響，認為在法律面上，透過座談會、討論、溝通等方式，應該可以找出各界能接受的最大公約數。讓人較擔心的反而是實務面上各行政單位的本位主義，以及國土計畫法和其他相關法令的競合問題。

關鍵字

國土計畫法 ； 區域計畫法 ； 寺廟合法化

並列摘要

The Spatial Planning Act will be implemented on 1st May 2022, the land in Taiwan will be regulated by two levels of regulations according to the Act. The first level will divide the land into four types of functional zones: Conservation zone, Ocean resources zone, Agricultural development zone, Urban and rural development zone. Within these four types of functional zones, the land can then be subdivided into fifteen classes based on the land's significance: First class, Second class, Third class etc. The second level will follow the regulation of functional zones, furthermore, regulate the use of the land: ''The central competent authority shall establish regulations concerning functional zones, sub-zones and land for designated use; and shall establish regulations concerning converting and scales, the constructible land and building intensity, items, conditions, procedures of land use whose use must be approved only after an application, land use items which do not need an application for approval, prohibited or restricted land use, and land uses to be placed under control.'' The spirit of Regional Planning is ＂development permission＂ and that of Spatial Planning Act is ＂occupancy permission＂. I propose to examine the Spatial Planning Act's influence on legalization of illegal temples in Taiwan in the aspects of law, society and practice. In terms of law, through the way of forum, discussion, communication, they could reach the consensus. The worries lie in the political parochialism in different governmental departments, and in the incompatibility of the Spatial Planning Act and other acts.

並列關鍵字

Spatial Planning Act ； Regional Planning ； Legalizatin of temples