運用QFD與GRA於新產品供應商選擇－以M公司為例

全球貿易競爭下，企業受到環境、客戶要求、委外業務以及技術發展越來越快等因素影響，外部相互競爭日趨激烈使得採購的重要性和複雜度逐漸提高。供應商與製造商兩者之間已從傳統對立關係轉變為共同依存的合作關係。企業在規劃新產品製造時，常須評估供應商的能力與限制因素，否則將導致後續整體供應商管控的成本大幅增加。因此，企業選擇合適的供應商，對於供應鏈管理(SCM)而言是最重要的一個步驟。本研究以客戶需求為基礎，運用品質機能展開法(QFD)將顧客聲音納入考量並結合灰色關聯分析法(GRA)的方式進行顧客需求關聯分析，以取得客戶需求指標與權重以及輔導供應商改善指標優先順序。最後根據分析結果建立新產品供應商選擇流程與準則，藉由GRA運算方式以少量資料運算取得有效的選擇決策方案。

關鍵字

供應鏈管理(SCM) ；品質機能展開法(QFD) ；灰色關聯分析法(GRA)

並列摘要

Under the severe trade competition, many companies suffer from the influence of fast and speedy factors including environment changing, customer requirements, business outsourcing, and technology development. The procurement activities gradually increase much importance and complexity due to the external sharp circumstance among them. However, the relationship between suppliers and manufacturers are going to change from the traditional opposite into the collaborative partnership with mutual dependency. A company usually needs to evaluate the supplier's abilities as well as limitations in planning a new product manufacture. Otherwise, it may increase the overall supplier control costs substantially. Therefore, the selection of the right supplier for supply chain management (SCM) is one of the most essential steps. This case study is mainly based on customer demand to select a proper supplier. The voice of customer through quality function deployment (QFD) is considered to combine the grey relational analysis (GRA) method for processing the customer demand relational analysis. Thus, the customer's demand and weights are obtained. We use them to counsel suppliers on how to improve the priority indicators. Then, according to the analysis results, a new product supplier selection processes and guidelines are established. Finally, a valid result is achieved from the small amounts of data by using the GRA approach.