Sleep is important for health and well-being. Research has shown that sleep problems are associated with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, depression, cognitive function, and quality of life et al.. Physical activity is believed to have beneficial effects on sleep. However, the evidence largely comes from small intervention samples or self-reports of sleep measures. Currently, there is no systematic review to explore the relationship between physical activity and sleep in Taiwan. This paper reviews preceding articles on the association between physical activity and sleep, including previous epidemiological studies and interventional studies. It will provide a clearer look on the effects of physical activity on sleep from the literature. The future directions for research in this field will also be discussed.