里斯本條約後歐洲聯盟授權立法之變革與影響

在歐洲聯盟立法制度中，授權立法是長期被忽視、但卻又是執委會、歐洲議會與部長理事會問權限劃分爭議最大的一個制度。針對授權立法爭議，里斯本條約創設授權法與執行法，以便與立法性法案形成明確法規位階，區分立法機關與行政機關所通過之法規。在這樣情況下，里斯本條約將授權立法劃分為歐盟與會員國兩個層級的運作方式，在歐盟層級上，由歐洲議會與部長理事會授權執委會訂定授權法補充或修訂母法中非必要要素，具有準立法性質；在會員國層級上，由執委會與會員國共同訂定執行法，承襲原「委員會程序」(Comitology)的運作精神。新「委員會程序」規則雖然將原本4個運作程序減少為2個，然而事實上並未簡化複雜的運作細節。因此，里斯本條約後歐盟授權立法之變革並未解決執委會、歐洲議會與部長理事會間的權限爭議。在未來條約修定中，如何簡化授權立法程序，並明確界定執委會、歐洲議會與部長理事會間的權限，將是未來修改條約的重點，但是無庸置疑的是「委員會程序」仍是歐盟與會員國法律調合的重要制度。

關鍵字

里斯本條約；歐洲聯盟；授權立法；委員會程序；執委會

並列摘要

Over a long period of time, the delegated rule-making (known as Comitology) has brought controversial issues in the European Union's decision process. These issues refer to Comitology that control the Commission in the execution of delegated power. Nevertheless, the Lisbon Treaty has introduced a new legal hierarchy and typology of acts, distinguishing between legislative acts, delegated acts and implementing acts. Under the new legal system, the operation of delegated lawmaking divided into two modalities. The first modality is for delegated acts, the European Parliament and the Council confer on the Commission the power to adopt delegated acts to supply or amend certain non-essential elements of legislative acts. The second modality is for implementing acts, the Commission and the representative of member states jointly adopt implementing acts. It follows the principles of Comitology, but didn't simplify operational details of Comitology. For this reason, the Commission ought to propose another institutional reform in the near future in order to carry out democratic governance. In conclusion, the Lisbon Treaty has changed the appearance of the delegated lawmaking. As long as ＂democracy＂ is concerned, the delegated lawmaking has to be reformed again. And as long as ＂efficiency＂ is concerned, Comitology is still a workable way between the European Union and the Member States.

並列關鍵字

Lisbon Treaty ； European Union ； Delegated Lawmaking ； Comitology ； European Commission

國際替代計量

里斯本條約後歐洲聯盟授權立法之變革與影響

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