氣候變遷與貿易的關係與挑戰

The Nexus between and Challenges of Climate Change and Trade

楊惟任(William YANG)

《淡江國際與區域研究》 3卷1期 (2014/06) Pp. 1-23

摘要

隨著經濟全球化不斷加深，氣候變遷與貿易之間的關係也越加密切。貿易有利經濟成長，提高生活水準，但貿易快速發展導致溫室氣體排放增加，不過氣候友善商品和服務的貿易卻有助提高氣候變遷的調適能力。另外，部份國家為了保護國內的經濟利益，試圖以解決氣候問題為由對其他國家採取懲罰性的貿易措施，如此恐將影響全球貿易發展。本文的目的在透過氣候變遷與貿易交互影響的分析，找到氣候變遷和貿易之間的平衡。本文發現，國際氣候合作和貿易自由化並非必然以衝突的形式存在，但關鍵在於各國必須先達成一個其有約束力的全球氣候協議，以提供世界貿易組織和區域經貿協定擬定兼顧環境保護的貿易規範的依據。

關鍵字

氣候變遷 ； 國際貿易 ； 邊境調整措施 ； 碳稅 ； 碳排放交易

並列摘要

As the deepening of economic globalization, the nexus between climate change and trade becomes more complex. Trade contributes economic growth and raises the standard of living. But, it increases the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG) meanwhile, although climate friendly goods and services are helpful for the enhancement of climate change mitigation. What is more, some countries, based on the concerns of domestic economic interests, try to adopt punitive trade measures to push other countries to accept obliged responsibility on GHG. These doings would cause problems on the development of global trade. This paper aims to find a balance between climate change and trade through the analyses on the nexus between the two parties. It concludes that the collision between international climate cooperation and trade liberalization can be avoided only when a binding global climate agreement can be reached among all countries. The agreement will be an important reference for World Trade Organization (WTO) and regional trade organizations to make and revise trade statutes upon environmental concerns.

並列關鍵字

Climate Change ； International Trade ； Border Adjustment Measures ； Carbon Tax ； Emission Trading (Cap-And-Trade)