中共參與國際維和行動歷程暨戰略意涵剖析：以毛澤東至胡錦濤時期為例（1972－2012）

An Anatomy of the Processing and Development Strategies of China Participated International Peacekeeping Operations: From Mao to Hu(1972-2012)

艾約銘(Yue-Ming Ai)

《淡江國際與區域研究》 4卷1期 (2015/07) Pp. 59-90

摘要

中共自1972年進入聯合國之後，其對於聯合國的態度及行為常隨著領導人的態度及內外環境的改變而有所不同，尤其對於牽涉到其他國家的國際維和行動，更是帶有外交意圖及國家利益的觀點。中共對聯合國維和行動政策採取了「謹慎、保守」的態度，此保守態度來自於對國家主權原則及國際道義規範的維護。整體而言，中共從毛澤東、鄧小平經江澤民到胡錦濤，中共對參與國際維和行動政策由反對轉趨支持，更走向積極、廣泛，並強調主張維護海外利益，此皆與外部戰略環境改變及中共崛起有關。本文意圖以歷史途徑從中共參與聯合國維和行動的歷史比較分析在其不同領導者（從毛澤東到胡錦濤）時期的異同之處，藉以分析其歷程及戰略意涵，以全面理解中共當代領導者對於參與國際維和行動的戰略思維。

關鍵字

維和行動 ； 主權原則 ； 中共研究 ； 中國崛起 ； 戰略意涵

並列摘要

Since China became the member of United Nations in 1972, its attitudes and behaviors to UN were based on its leaders and domestic and international environments, particularly related to international peacekeeping operations, its attitudes and behaviors were with diplomatic intensions and national interests. China's policy related international peacekeeping operations are an attitude of cautious and conservative, this attitude came from maintaining state sovereignty principles and international moral norms. Generally, from Mao, Den, Jiang to Hu, China's policy related international peacekeeping operations have changed from against to support and toward to more passive and comprehensive, and emphasized to preserve its overseas interests, all these changes were related to its outer strategic environments and its rising. This paper explores China participated the international peacekeeping operations of United Nations with historical and comparative analysis methods to understand the different policy of its leadership in various eras (from Mao to Hu), and to analyze their processing and development strategies as the historical background of my research for comprehensively understanding the strategic thinking of China's leadership.

並列關鍵字

Peacekeeping ； Sovereignty Principle ； China Study ； China Rise ； Strategic Implications