台灣金門同鄉會的組織變遷：從自主到依賴

Organizational changes of Kinmen Association in Taiwan: from Autonomy to Dependence

王宏男(Hung-Nan Wang)

《科學與人文研究》 8卷3期 (2021/05) Pp. 17-37

https://doi.org/10.6535/JSH.202105_8(3).0002

摘要

金門雖然是一彈丸小島，常住人口僅60,000人，但旅台金門鄉親至少有30萬，而金門縣長選舉僅24,000票即可當選，因此在台灣的金門人對金門縣長選舉具關鍵性影響。本文主要研究動機與目的，始於旅台同鄉會在自主性與依賴性，受縣府提供的政治與經濟利益牽制及影響。將採資料蒐集與田野調查法試圖解決，哪些旅台同鄉會是因縣府提供一年三節配酒補助的經濟利益而生？哪些則否？研究從2019年1月至2021年3月止，二年又二個月的時間，對象為旅台二十二個金門同鄉會。研究發現，同鄉會補助始於民國93年春節配酒，93年以前有九個同鄉會財務高度自主，特別是在86年7月縣府社會局停止一年12萬元補助；93年後則成立十三個同鄉會，財務高度依賴縣府，一年三節至少360,000萬元配酒補助收入。93年後除了配酒補助，還包括金酒廣告10,000元補助及台電核廢料選址說明30,000元補助。最後，未來各縣市旅台同鄉會組織將從財務自主，轉為更依賴政府三節配酒，且在金權政治助長之下，配酒額度的消長，將成為各屆縣長尋求連任，在台酬庸政治工具。

關鍵字

金門 ； 同鄉會 ； 組織變遷 ； 資源依賴

並列摘要

Although Kinmen is a small island with a resident population of only 60,000, at least 300,000 Kinmen residents are living in Taiwan, and only 24,000 votes are needed to be elected as the Kinmen County Executive, Kinmen people in Taiwan have a key influence on the election of Kinmen County Executive. The main purpose of this paper is to study the autonomy and dependence of the hometown Association in Taiwan, which is restricted and influenced by the political and economic interests provided by the county government. The study used data collection and field survey method to determine which local associations in Taiwan were created because of the economic benefits of the county government's subsidies for wine distribution at the three festivals every year. And which ones are not? The research was conducted from January 2019 to March 2019, targeting twenty-two Kinmen Associations in Taiwan over two years and two months. The study found that the subsidies in terms of alcohol distribution for the hometown associations began during the spring festival in 1993. Before 1993, nine local associations had a high degree of financial autonomy, especially in July 1986 when the county social bureau stopped providing subsidies of 120,000 yuan a year. After 1993,13 local associations were established, and their finances highly relied on the county government, with at least 360,000,000 yuan in revenue from wine distribution subsidies for the three festivals each year. After 1993, in addition to the subsidies for wine allowance, there were also subsidies of 10,000 yuan for gin advertising and 30,000 yuan for the site selection instructions of nuclear waste from Taiwan Electric Power Plant. Finally, in the future, the organizations of the local hometown associations in the counties and cities will shift from financial autonomy to depending more on the government's subsidies for wine distribution for the three festivals. Additionally, under the indulgence of power politics, the number of subsidies for wine distribution will become a political tool for each county governor to seek for re-election in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Kinmen ； Hometown Association ； Organizational Change ； Resource Dependency