莫拉克風災後嘉蘭村的重建：一個災害人類學的研究

Reconstruction of Ka'aluwan Village after the Typhoon Morakot: A Case Study on Disaster of Anthropology

陳文玲(Wen-Ling Chen)

《華人應用人類學學刊》 1卷1期 (2012/06) Pp. 157-173

https://doi.org/10.6290/CJAA.2012.0101.07

摘要

災害人類學的研究經歷60多年發展，80年代之後出現新觀點－將災害看成是自然環境的基本元素和人類系統的結構性特徵，而不再把災害看成是一種不可預見的事件。這個觀念的轉變，將災害與社會、文化、政治、權力、經濟等緊密聯繫起來，使災害成為人類社會和文化組成的一部分。臺灣東部太麻里溪流域嘉蘭村（Ka'aluwan）曾經於2005年及2009年分別受到兩次颱風的災害，豪雨造成溪水暴漲沖走幾十戶民宅及耕地。災難帶來的鉅變及災後的重建過程中，湧進的大量物資以及重建政策等人為因素為部落裡的社會關係造成了更甚於天然災害的衝擊。向來對於原住民族傳統文化與社會結構投注較多調查研究的人類學家，如何在災害研究中發揮學科的研究專長？本文從一個人類學研究的角度考察重建過程部落與外界的接觸所產生的文化衝突及調適，同時也思考著災害研究中人類學扮演的角色及所能發揮的功能。

關鍵字

災害人類學 ； 莫拉克風災 ； 嘉蘭村 ； 生活重建

並列摘要

The history of disaster anthropology began in mid-20th century. Instead of seeing disaster as an unpredictable accident, disaster anthropology developed a new concept after 1980s that deems disaster as a fundamental element of natural environment, and at the same time a structural feature of human system. In this way, disaster is related to politics, economy, and power. Disaster is therefore part of human society and culture. Ka'aluwan is a village located in the watershed of Taimali River in eastern Taiwan. It suffered huge disasters came along with typhoons in 2005 and 2009, including the lost of tens of houses and lands that were washed away in the floods. The floods damaged this village badly. However, in the reconstruction process, the charities flooded into the village and the inappropriate government policy impacted more than the natural phenomena. Aiming to rethink how anthropologists can contribute their expertise in the studies of disaster, this paper examines the culture conflicts and adaptations during the reconstruction process from the perspective of anthropology, and discusses the role of anthropology on the basis of the practical case.

並列關鍵字

disaster anthropology ； Typhoon Morakot ； Ka'aluwan villiage ； life reconstruction