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The Making of Japan's Diplomatic Policies in the Meiji Period: A Study of How the Gaze of British Residents in East Asia Influenced the Japanese Government's Diplomatic Policies in the First Sino- Japanese War

明治時期日本外交政策的制定:以在東亞的英國居民如何影響甲午戰爭期間日本的外交決策為中心

摘要


From a perspective fully based on Realism in International relations, most of the existing studies have described the relationship between Japan and Britain in the First Sino-Japanese War as an exchange of national interests, and little attention has been given to the influence of British residents in East Asia during that period. The main purpose of this article is to examine how British residents in East Asia saw the foreign policies carried out by the Japanese government, particularly diplomatic policies related to the personal safety and assets of British residents from 1894 up until the peak of the First Sino-Japanese War, and how the Japanese government reacted to their perspectives during that period. This study contributes to literature on the subject of modern Japanese history, diplomatic history, and modern East Asian history. The methodology used in this article was based on textual history methods in order to analyze how the gaze of British residents and the reaction of the Japanese government influenced the diplomatic direction of Japan and affected the modern history of East Asia.

並列摘要


基於國際關係學中的現實主義角度,以往大多數的研究都將日本與英國在甲午戰爭中的關係描述為一種基於國家立場的利益交換,很少注意到當時在東亞地區的英國居民在這一期間對兩國外交決策所發揮的影響。本文的主要目的在於探討當時僑居於東亞地區的英國居民如何看待日本政府所執行的外交決策,特別是其中與英國居民的人身安全與資產權益有關的外交決策,以及日本政府在此間又是如何回應這些英國居民的觀點。經由本研究,可以發現甲午戰爭時日英兩國的外交關係雖然確實如現實主義學派所言,充滿著以國家為主體的利益交換色彩,然而卻也不可質疑其受到主權國家、條約、居留地等近代國際法秩序概念所影響。冀望這項研究有助於目前近代日本史、外交史,以及近代東亞史相關主題的研究,使其在關注國家作為行動者之餘也同時注意到文化結構的力量。本文主要使用的方法是基於文本分析的方法,以分析英國居民的視線和日本政府的反應如何影響日本的外交方向,並進而影響當時東亞的歷史進程。

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