我國偏離跑道事故危害辨識初析

過去10年來全球商用噴射飛機致命及非致命失事件數皆有顯著的降低，儘管如此，偏離跑道卻繼續保持佔所有飛航失事及事件的1/4左右，並佔所有跑道失事的96%。偏離跑道事故包含衝出跑道或偏出跑道，一直以來都是航機於起降階段最主要的事故類型。我國飛航安全調查委員會事故調查資料庫1999-2014年共調查57件渦輪噴射飛機事故，而偏離跑道事故就佔其中的22件，為所有事故類型中件數最多者，且有逐年增加之趨勢。本研究主要探討我國偏離跑道事故危害辨識與分析，偏離跑道事故危害肇因分類包含：天氣因素、飛航組員績效因素、飛航組員技術／決策因素、航機系統因素、機場因素、航管因素，以及組織因素等7大研究構面及42項子因素，運用內容分析法進行我國偏離跑道事故危害因素辨識與發生頻率統計分析，研究結果發現對我國偏離跑道事故而言，人為因素尤其是與飛航組員相關之因素以及天氣因素為最重要之影響致因，本研究成果期能降低我國偏離跑道意外及危險事故率並提升我國之飛航安全。

關鍵字

飛航安全；偏離跑道；危害辨識；內容分析法

並列摘要

Runway excursions (RE) occur when aircraft running off the end of the runway (overrun) or departing the side of the runway (veer-off). They have always been the major type of aircraft accidents during landing and take-off phases, accounting for approximately a quarter of all incidents and accidents in air transport, and 96 percent of all runway accidents. Although over the last decade there has been a noticeable reduction in the number of non-fatal and fatal accidents involving the worldwide commercial jet aircraft fleet, RE continue to remain prevalent. According to the statistics of Aviation Safety Council in Taiwan, RE shared 22 out of 57 domestic turbojet accidents during 1999-2014, the highest number among all types of accidents and reveal increase trend over time. This paper explores the hazard identification of runway excursions from a Taiwan perspective. The factors examined include weather, flight crew technique/decision, flight crew performance, aircraft systems, airport, air traffic management, and organization. The content analysis method was used to analyze and calculate the frequency of the hazard factors of runway excursions. The study findings suggest the most important hazard factors are flight crew human factors and weather factors. The main aim of this research hopes to provide a valuable outcome to reduce the runway excursions and enhance flight safety in Taiwan.