中部地區學齡前幼兒家庭用餐環境及其飲食行為之相關研究

The Correlational Study between Family Dining Environment and Dietary Behavior of Preschool Children in Central Taiwan

駱明潔 ； 張妮蓁

《人文社會與醫療學刊》 9期 (2022/05) Pp. 125-163

https://doi.org/10.6279/JHSSM.202205_(9).0005

摘要

本研究旨在暸解中部地區幼兒家庭用餐環境與其飲食行為之現況、相關情形，以及不同背景變項及家庭用餐環境之幼兒，對其飲食行為之預測力。採問卷調查法，以自編問卷為研究工具，使用分層隨機抽樣方式，抽取中部地區就讀於立案公私立幼兒園之2-6足歲幼兒共1,000位，取得有效樣本數878份。回收之問卷資料，以描述性統計、皮爾森積差相關及逐步多元迴歸分析等統計方式進行分析。本研究結論如下：一、中部地區幼兒家庭整體用餐環境及飲食行為均達到良好程度；家庭用餐環境在「飲食陪伴與教養」、「愉快用餐環境」及「食物可獲性」等方面品質良好，「自備餐食」方面品質待加強；幼兒在「進食情形」、「水果類接受性」及「豆魚蛋肉類接受性」方面飲食行為表現良好，「蔬菜類接受性」及「全穀雜糧、乳品與堅果類接受性」方面表現待加強。二、幼兒家庭用餐環境與其飲食行為之各面向及總量表間存有顯著正相關。三、幼兒背景變項之居住地區、性別、年齡及家庭社經地位，和家庭用餐環境之「自備餐食」、「食物可獲性」、「愉快用餐環境」及「飲食陪伴與教養」四面向，對幼兒飲食行為皆具預測力。最後，根據研究結果提出建議，供幼兒飲食主要照顧者、幼兒教育相關單位及後續研究者參考。

關鍵字

家庭用餐環境 ； 食物可獲性 ； 幼兒飲食行為 ； 飲食主要照顧者

並列摘要

This study is devoted to understanding the current situation and correlation of the families dining environment and dietary behaviors of preschool children in central Taiwan, and predictions of dietary behaviors of preschool children with different background variables and families dining environment. Survey methods were adopted, using self-made questionnaires as research tools, and stratified random sampling was used to extract 1,000 children aged 2 to 6 in public and private preschools in central Taiwan. A total of 878 valid samples were obtained. After recovering the questionnaire data, the study was further analyzed by statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. In the central part of Taiwan, the overall dining environment and dietary behaviors of families with preschool children have reached a good level. Regarding the family dining environment, the quality is good in terms of ＂ dietary companionship and upbringing＂, ＂pleasant dining environment＂ and ＂food availability＂, and the quality of ＂home-made meals＂ needs to be strengthened. Regarding children's ＂eating condition＂, ＂fruit acceptance＂ and ＂bean, fish, egg and meat acceptance＂, their dietary behaviors all performed well. As for the ＂vegetable acceptance＂ and ＂whole grain, dairy and nut acceptance＂, the results need to be strengthened. 2. There is a significant positive correlation between the children's family dining environment and the various aspects and totals in their dietary behaviors. 3. The background variables of preschool children include the living area, gender, age and family socioeconomic status, as well as the four aspects of ＂home-made meals＂, ＂food availability＂, ＂pleasant dining environment＂, and ＂dietary companionship and upbringing＂ in the family dining environment are all predictive of children's dietary behaviors. Finally, in brief, the author makes suggestions based on the research results, so as to provide reference for the main caregivers related to children's diet, related units of early childhood education and relevant follow-up researchers.

並列關鍵字

family dining environment ； food availability ； dietary behavior of preschool children ； main caregiver of the diet