新興奈米污染物在底泥、土壤及地下水環境中的風險

Risk of Emerging Nanoscale Pollutants in Sediment, Soil, and Groundwater Ecosystems

侯文哲(Wen-Che Hou)

《土壤及地下水污染整治》 2卷2期 (2015/04) Pp. 127-140

https://doi.org/10.6499/JSGR.2015.0202.005

摘要

奈米科技相關的產業及商品已蓬勃發展，奈米商品將無可避免在其生命週期中釋出奈米污染物到環境中，台灣在過去幾年已有奈米在職業衛生、生態環境及人體健康相關的研究與努力，然而我們對奈米生態環境風險的瞭解仍是相對有限。過去十年來全球在奈米科技對環境健康影響相關研究已有相當的進展，本文回顧奈米污染物質在環境中的行為，特別針對底泥、土壤及地下水環境中的奈米宿命及風險影響因子進行回顧，目的是希望提供讀者對此環境新興領域有概要的瞭解。本文一開始先介紹奈米物質的定義、種類及用途，接下來講述他們如何進入到環境中及它們在環境中的宿命及可能的生態健康影響，文章也會提到奈米風險評估的工具及暴露濃度，最後針對台灣現況建議幾點未來可能努力的方向。

關鍵字

奈米科技 ； 奈米生態風險 ； 環境宿命及轉換 ； 奈米毒性

並列摘要

Nanotechnology has widespread industrial applications, and many consumer products enabled by engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are now available on the global market. This suggests that ENMs will be intentionally or incidentally released into the environment at some point during the life cycle of nanoenabled products. Research in Taiwan has begun to investigate the implications of nanotechnology in the context of occupational, ecosystem, and human health. However our understanding of environmental nano-risks in Taiwan is still limited. In this review, I describe the literature on the ecosystem behavior of ENMs with a focus on their fate, exposure, and ecotoxicology in sediment, soil and groundwater environments. This review begins with introducing the definitions, classes, and usages of nanomaterials. It then describes the routes by which ENMs may be released into the ecosystem, followed by the exposure, ecotoxicity, and nanomaterial detection methods that can be used in the environment. The factors that influence nano-risks, including the fate, transport, and transformation of such materials, will also be described. The review concludes by proposing the way forward toward a better understanding of nanorisks in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

nanotechnology ； ecosystem risk ； fate and transformation ； nanotoxicology