Diverse morphological, structural and tooth number aberrations can occur within human dentition secondary to genetic and epigenetic influences. These deviations can manifest as microdontia, macrodontia, hypodontia, oligodontia to name a few. Non-syndromic microdontia is rarely noted, especially in the permanent mandibular incisors. This case report records two such rare cases of peg shaped microdont mandibular central incisor. In one case microdontia occurred synchronously with hypodontia. The facts about these malformations collectively form a body of knowledge with which would serve as a data base in monitoring the evolutionary process of human dentition.