運動訓練介入對球類運動員注意力與左、右腦α波平均功率比值影響之研究

The Effects of Exercise Training Intervention of Ball Athlete on Attention and Brain Cortical Hemispheric EEG Activity (α-Asymmetry)

林耀豐(Yaw-Feng Lin)

《屏東教大運動科學學刊》 7期 (2011/12) Pp. 1-22

摘要

本研究的目的在探討運動訓練介入對注意力及腦波的影響。實驗參與者為大專院校網球、羽球及桌球之運動績優生及控制組各30名的男生為對象，實驗組需接受十二週，每週三次，每次60分鐘的手眼協調之靜態與動態之心理動作能力訓練；控制組則不介入任何訓練。經預備性實驗確定5種不同反應前期為300ms、600ms、1000ms、2000ms與4000 ms；在注意力方面的研究設計是採用Posner, Snyder and Davidson （1980） ，正向-反向比例80%－20%，修改設計之簡單反應時間實驗，以盈虧分析來做為注意力的量化工具；在腦波方面，則於測試注意力的同時以腦波儀記錄參與者的腦部活動，腦波電極位置主要收集F3、F4、F7、F8、C3、C4、T3、T4、P3、P4、O1、O2，藉以觀察不同刺激呈現方式及前期下對注意力與左、右腦α波功率比值的變化情形。實驗共分六個區段，第一個區段為練習區段，有60個作業，第二至第六為實驗區段，每個區段有120次作業，其中中性的提示40次，正向提示64次，反向提示16次，六個區段共660次作業。經研究工具蒐集資料後以混合設計三因子變異數分析進行考驗以驗證其差異性；若交互作用有顯著差異則進行單純交互作用考驗，單純單純主要效果考驗。本研究的顯著水準定為α＝.05。研究結果指出：一、在不同組別的注意力上，網球、羽球及桌球選手顯著優於控制組；在不同測驗別的注意力上，後測顯著優於前測；在不同反應前期的注意力上，反應前期600ms的注意力優於反應前期4000ms。而在不同組別、不同測驗別及不同反應前期等三因子，只有在不同測驗別和不同反應前期之間有顯著的交互作用。在不同測驗別，反應前期為600ms、4000ms時，後測的注意力優於前測，顯示具有訓練效果。在不同反應前期，在前測時，無明顯不同；但在後測時以反應前期600ms的注意力最佳，小於600ms，前期愈短，注意力愈小；而大於600ms愈多，注意力亦愈低，前期時間愈長，注意力愈小，而且降低的輻度較大。二、在C34在左、右腦各頻率α波的功率比值上，後測之C34左、右腦各頻率α波的功率比值顯著優於前測；其餘F78、P34、T34及O12左右電極在主效果與交互作用因子間皆無明顯不同。

關鍵字

反應前期 ； 注意力 ； 盈虧分析 ； 左 ； 右腦α波平均功率

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ball athlete on attention, α-Asymmetry. The participants in the tertiary institutions for tennis, badminton and table tennis athlete and the control group of 30 boys targeted. The experimental group must accept for 12 weeks, three times per week, for 60 minutes, each time static and activity state psychomotor ability training the hand eye coordinated, the control group does not involve any training. After the first pilot study to determine the response of 5 fore-period (300ms, 600ms, 1000ms, 2000ms, 4000 ms), the focus of research is designed Posner, Snyder and Davidson (1980), forward - reverse the ratio of 80% -20%, to amend the design of simple reaction time, in order to make cost-benefit analysis for the attention of the quantitative tools, and recorded EEG activity in the same time. The EEG was recorded at F3、F4、F7、F8、C3、C4、 T3、T4、P3、P4、O1、O2, and observed varied correlation between simple total response time and brain cortical hemispheric EEG activity (α- Asymmetry) on fore-period. Experiment is divided into six sections, the first section of practice, there are 60 operations, in the second to sixth for the experimental section, each section there are 120 operations, which prompted the neutral 40 trials, the valid prompt 64 trials, the invalid prompt 16 trials, a total of 660 trials of the six operations. By doing this, mixed design three-way ANOVA, simple interaction and simple main effect were utilized for the statistical analysis from the obtained data. This study significant level were α= .05. In the different category's attention, the tennis, the badminton and the table tennis athlete contestant obviously surpass the control group. In examines in differently other attention, post-test obviously surpasses pre-test. In the different response fore-period attention, responded that fore-period 600ms the attention surpasses response fore-period 4000ms. But in different category, different examination and different response fore-period and so on three factors interaction had no significant, only in different examination and different response fore-period and so on two factors interaction had significant. In the different examination, responded when the fore-period is 600ms, 4000ms, post-test the attention obviously surpasses pre-test, demonstrated has the training effect. In the different response fore-period, in pre-test not obvious different; But in post-test when responded that fore-period 600ms the attention is best, is smaller than 600ms, the fore-period is shorter, the attention is smaller. But is bigger than 600ms to be more, the attention is also lower, the fore-period time is longer, the attention is smaller, moreover reduces the spoke is big. 2. In C34 brain cortical hemispheric EEG activity (α-Asymmetry), post-test the brain cortical hemispheric EEG activity obviously surpasses pre-test, About other F78, P34, T34 and O12 in main effect and interaction had no significant.

並列關鍵字

foreperiod ； attention ； cost-benefit analysis ； brain cortical hemispheric EEG activity (α-Asymmetry)