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  • 期刊

韓國政府對中小企業金融支援措施之探討

A Study on Korea's Financial Support Measures on the Small and Medium Enterprises

摘要


中小企業具有反應靈活的優勢,但是常因資金與信用的不足,導致無法從金融體系取得足量的資金,以因應經營環境的惡化,或投入研發、設備更新與市場經營等。由於近年來國際經濟環境變化極為快速,中小企業常因經營環境的快速變化或惡化,陷入營運危機;即使面臨生存危機的中小企業欲思轉型,也常因資金取得不易而被迫停止營運,造成經濟與社會問題。有鑑於此,各國政府無不制定支援中小企業的各項措施,其中以金融之措施最為常見。韓國政府對中小企業的支援措施,包含中小企業政策資金支援制度、中小企業信用保證制度、韓國銀行之授信總額上限制度,而由政府主導之中小企業互助基金,可以讓中小企業藉由互助方式,取得短期之週轉金。在各項支援措施中,尤以中小企業政策資金與信用保證制度最為重要,此兩者為擔保品不足之中小企業取得資金的重要管道。此外,中小企業政策資金也成為韓國政府執行其產業政策工具之一,藉由每年政策資金融資計畫之擬訂,扶植特定的產業或企業。此外,亦可因應國內外經濟與金融環境的變化,調整政策資金之規模與用途。中小企業具有反應靈活的優勢,但是常因資金與信用的不足,導致無法從金融體系取得足量的資金,以因應經營環境的惡化,或投入研發、設備更新與市場經營等。由於近年來國際經濟環境變化極為快速,中小企業常因經營環境的快速變化或惡化,陷入營運危機;即使面臨生存危機的中小企業欲思轉型,也常因資金取得不易而被迫停止營運,造成經濟與社會問題。有鑑於此,各國政府無不制定支援中小企業的各項措施,其中以金融之措施最為常見。韓國政府對中小企業的支援措施,包含中小企業政策資金支援制度、中小企業信用保證制度、韓國銀行之授信總額上限制度,而由政府主導之中小企業互助基金,可以讓中小企業藉由互助方式,取得短期之週轉金。在各項支援措施中,尤以中小企業政策資金與信用保證制度最為重要,此兩者為擔保品不足之中小企業取得資金的重要管道。此外,中小企業政策資金也成為韓國政府執行其產業政策工具之一,藉由每年政策資金融資計畫之擬訂,扶植特定的產業或企業。此外,亦可因應國內外經濟與金融環境的變化,調整政策資金之規模與用途。

並列摘要


Generally speaking, the SME(small and medium enterprise) is good at response quickly to the environments, but due to the lack of credit and collateral , the SMB frequently is incapable of acquiring enough capital from the financial system to meet the worsening business environment or to invest in R & D and renew the equipments to improve it's competitiveness.Further more, as the international economic environment change more and more violently, the SME with no enough capital is much easily to fall into a business crisis. Once the SME is unable to breakthrough, a number of economic and social problems evokes.In view of this, almost all of the governments work hard to develop a lot of measures to support SMEs. South Korean government's support measures for SMEs include the policy funds, the credit guarantee system, the aggregate credit ceiling which is controlled by the Bank of Korea, the investment to the SMEs by the government's funds and the mutual funds for SMEs, which allows SMEs to acquire short term operational capital by way of mutual aid.The most popular measures among them are the policy funds and the credit guarantee system, and the most effective measure is the policy funds. The policy funds also turns to be part of the Korean government's industrial policy tools, with increasing or decreasing the amount of the funds to response to the change of economic and financial environment and with changing the contents of the policy funds to implement the government's industrial strategy.

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