基督教青年會來華推展體育的動機與策略(1885-1928)

中國近代體育自西方引進後，於1908年開始才有系統性，有組織化的規劃發展，最後進軍國際體壇，這幕後的功臣，首推基督教青年會。為了探究帶有宗教色彩的青年會來華推動其事業，採以體育為宣教政策之背後動機，以及施行的具體策略，擬從西籍體育幹事的觀點進行探討，乃以歷史研究法，遠赴美國進行青年會在華之體育事務相關史料的蒐集，所得結論為，青年會在華的體育發展可分為四期，分別為混沌零散期（1885-1894年）、發韌試驗期（1895-1907年）、成長穩定期（1908-1921年）、動盪內省期（1922-1928年）。為了要達成「建立基督耶穌天國於中國」、「培養青年健全之人格」以及「落實三項自我政策」之目標，青年會分別在體育發展之不同時期，確立其動機，包括藉體育之名行傳教之實，透過不具意識型態且具傳播功能的體育活動，提升青年會之名、減低中國社會對基督教的戒心、消彌彼此間的藩籬；同時，藉由體育可以符合中國政府與國情之改善華人身心健康的需求，進而傳播基督福音於整個中國。職是，青年會明定策略，包括派送西籍體育幹事來華、培植菁英人才、引發運動興趣、傳播新聞消息、運用外交手腕、強化組織優勢，以及促進華籍體育幹事的自立自強等，在堅定的意志與信念下，全心全力推展體育事業於中國，為青年會及中國營造雙贏之局面。

關鍵字

基督教青年會；體育幹事；體育；中國

並列摘要

The modern physical education of China was introduced from the Occident the later of the 19th century and has been developing and getting its own place international sport world by a systematic and organizational plan since the year 1908. The forerunner of this great success was Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA). In order to explore the behind motion and specific strategy that YMCA with religionary color adopted physical education for preaching Christianity while driving away at YMCA Movement in China, the focus of this study was the notions of the western physical directors and the historical research method was used. A great deal of historical materials relative to physical education affairs proceeded by YMCA in China was gathered in America. The results showed that the periods of the development of YMCA physical education China were obscuration and scatteration (1885-1894), outset and experiment (1895-1907), growth and stabilization (1908-1921), unrest and reflection (1921-1922) respectively. The specific motions and strategies of the different periods came up for the ends of ”building up the Kingdom of Christ in China,” ”cultivating the young into the whole man” and ”fulfilling the three-self strategy.” The definite motions were to preach the Christianity, enhance the reputation of YMCA, remove hedge between China and YMCA, and improve China people's health through dis-ideological physical education with communication function. The specific strategies included sending western physical directors to China, cultivating physical education professionals, interesting in sports, spread the news, applying the diplomacy, and strengthening predominance of the organization. With firm faith and belief, YMCA advanced its own business in China and brought the wins for both China and YMCA.