探討注意力缺失過動兒童動作協調能力

本研究目的是探討注意力缺失過動症兒童動作協調控制上的缺失，並採用收集相關文獻進行分析與探討。發現注意力缺失過動症兒童的反應抑制功能缺失，影響到肢體動作協調與眼動協調的效能，導致注意力缺失過動症兒童動作協調平衡能力不佳，視覺系統難以進行大量視覺訊息處理，呈現空間判定能力受限，感知動作技能不足，需花費較長的神經動作反應時間。這可能與注意力缺失過動症兒童腦部結構異常有關，如基底核以及大腦灰質容積都較小，杏仁核與前扣帶迴也與一般兒童有功能上和神經傳遞物質分泌濃度呈現差異。結論由於注意力缺失過動症兒童在神經系統發展異常，導致動作協調能力與視動能力落後於同齡兒童，影響到基礎身體活動能力、同儕社交和課業學習。

關鍵字

抑制功能；動作控制；姿勢平衡；眼球動作

並列摘要

This paper discusses the motor skills deficits in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Processing a large amount of visual information is difficult for children with ADHD. The spatial ability and perceptual motor skills of these children are limited, and their motor reaction is thus delayed. These symptoms can be attributed to the anomalies in the brain structure of children with ADHD, including a small basal ganglia and less gray matter. Furthermore, the functions and neurotransmitter concentrations in the amygdala and the anterior cingulate gyrus in children with ADHD are different from those in normal children. Because the development of the nervous system in children with ADHD is delayed, their motor coordination and visual motor abilities are less developed than other children of the same age. Therefore, their performance in basic physical activities, social interactions with peers, and academic performance are affected.

並列關鍵字

inhibition function ； motor control ； postural balance ； eye movement

參考文獻

商志雍、高淑芬 (2015)。注意力不足過動症。台灣醫學，14(4)，395-400。doi:10.6320/FJM.2010.14(4).05

陳亭君、潘倩玉 (2010)。運動或動作訓練對改善注意力缺陷過動症學童徵狀之相關研究。中華體育季刊，24(3)，64-72。doi:10.6223/qcpe.2403.201009.2007

吳湘涵、何金山、詹元碩 (2010)。ADHD 兒童動作表現與訊息處理之探討。臺灣體育論壇 (1)，61-68。doi:10.6592/tsf.2010.09.06

孫世恆、林秀真、吳昇光、張玲瑛 (2000)。學齡前聽障兒童的靜態平衡能力－初步研究。物理治療，25(2)，88-95。Doi:10.6215/FJPT

Anderson, S. W., Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. R. (1999). Impairment of social and moral behavior related to early damage in human prefrontal cortex. Nat Neurosci, 2(11), 1032-1037. doi:10.1038/14833

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