瑪莎．葛蘭姆作品《心靈洞穴》米蒂亞角色心理與動作詮釋之分析

An Analysis on Medea's Psychology of Character and Visual Language in Martha Graham's ＂Cave of the Heart＂

董述帆(Shu-fen Dung)

《舞蹈教育》 18期 (2020/12) Pp. 162-192

摘要

十九世紀末以降，現代舞（Modern dance）摒棄傳統藝術形式，舞蹈家為傳達內在思維與精神，以實驗的態度創新動作技巧，展現多變的樣貌及獨特的舞蹈美學。其中，崇尚個人情感表達的現象，引發研究者對以身體的動作語彙呈現角色內心意念的好奇，試圖經由現代舞先驅瑪莎．葛蘭姆（Martha Graham， 1894-1991）經典作品《心靈洞穴》（Cave of the Heart），並依作品取材之歐里庇得斯（Euripides， 480 B.C.-406 B.C.）希臘悲劇《米蒂亞》（Medea），探討米蒂亞的愛、恨、忌妒、復仇、悲傷等情感對應動作詮釋表現的觀點；透過角色心理歷程，進行動作詮釋之分析，並以葛蘭姆依題材選擇結合音樂、舞臺及道具設計等創造的作品氛圍及象徵意義，理解藝術家合作實踐的關係。藉此反思舞蹈本質，回饋自身並與藝術同好分享。本研究以瑪莎．葛蘭姆作品《心靈洞穴》中米蒂亞復仇之舞（Medea's dance of vengeance）為研究對象，採質性研究，經由文獻蒐集、內容分析、作品分析、歸納等多元方法獲得資料，提出研究結論及建議如下：一、結論：（一）透過葛蘭姆發展的動作技巧，經由呼吸時身體收縮與放鬆（Contraction & Release）的肢體語彙，在空間、時間、力量控制與流動的關係中，能觀察到強烈且具戲劇性的動作張力及舞蹈角色心理歷程。（二）依舞蹈題材選擇結合音樂、舞臺及道具設計等，具體展現出米蒂亞角色的象徵意義並凸顯作品氛圍構思與意念。二、建議：（一）延伸分析角色心理建構及動作詮釋面向，提供舞蹈創作者與觀眾欣賞參考。（二）探討舞蹈創作與他領域的合作模式，作為當代藝術發展的反思。

關鍵字

現代舞 ； 瑪莎．葛蘭姆 ； 角色心理 ； 動作詮釋

並列摘要

Since the emergence of modern dance in the late 19th century, dance artists have discarded the traditional art forms and pioneered creative movements and dance techniques to express their true thoughts and inner spirit, giving birth to diversified art forms and unique aesthetics of dance. This study was inspired by the increasing efforts of the dance artists in conveying their personal feelings and communicating the inner thoughts of the characters through movement vocabulary. The study focused on ＂Cave of the Heart＂, a classical work of Martha Graham (1894-1991, a forerunner of modern dance), which was adapted from ＂Medea＂, a Greek tragedy written by Euripides (480 B.C. - 406 B.C.). In the research process, the author endeavored to explore the underlying perspectives when Martha Graham developed the movement vocabulary to interpret the love, hatred, jealousy, revenge and sadness of Medea. Analysis has also been conducted on the visual language of the dance based on the psychological process of the character. The study also explored the successful collaborative practices initiated by Martha Graham to incorporate the music, stage settings and props designs to create the desired atmosphere and symbols for the performance. It is hoped that the results of this study can provoke reflections on the true essence of dance, stimulate self-growth and benefit other art lovers. In this study, qualitative research was conducted based on the performance of ＂Medea's Dance of Vengeance＂ in ＂Cave of the Heart＂. Information was collected through diversified sources including documentary collection, content analysis, work analysis and inductive analysis. The conclusions and recommendations are as follows: 1. Conclusions: (1) Through the ＂Graham Technique＂, one can observe the powerful and dramatic tension and understand the psychological process of the character through the visual language. These are achieved through the harmonious interaction among space, time, strength and mobility during the contraction and release of the body in breathing. (2) Based on the theme of the dance, collaborative partnerships are formed to integrate music, stage settings and props designs into the performance, thereby precisely creating the symbolic meaning for the character of Medea and highlighting the atmosphere, concepts and philosophy of the work. 2. Recommendations: (1) Extended analysis may be conducted on the psychological construction of characters and the visual language used in the dance. The results may be shared with dance artists or the audience for reference or enjoyment. (2) Further studies can be made on the cooperation patterns between dance and other disciplines to inspire reflection on the development of modern arts.

並列關鍵字

Modern Dance ； Martha Graham ； Psychology of the Character ； Visual Language of Dance