道教正一派普度法事唱曲研究－以朱堃燦道長為對象

本文為眾多道法儀式中，民眾參與程度最多，且最為普遍、常見的一項普度法事研究，透過道士的法力，將法食祭享孤魂滯魄，並為之超度，以靖地方事，祈能合眾平安，境土清泰。道教普度法事的分佈具有普遍性，如正一派與靈寶派皆有普度法事，且名目、用途、神明系統皆相同，但是唱曲的內容卻互不相同。筆者以臺灣北部正一派道教系統為對象，將2002年至2007年間近四年對朱堃燦道長所主壇之大、中、小普約三十場普度法事的觀察記錄，擇定朱道長及其徒弟彭垂津道長所主壇南聖宮丙戌年（2007）五朝祈安清醮中所行之普度法事宣演過程為底本。內容的描述與分析，藉著朱堃燦道長所提供《太上正壹普度施食科儀》抄本，以及他本人的解釋與說明，期對道教正一派普度法事之結構與唱曲作一分析，進而建構地方道法儀式研究的基礎。

關鍵字

正一派；朱堃燦；普度；儀式音樂

並列摘要

The main focus of this thesis is Pudu 普度 (Rite of Universal Salvation), one of the most common religious services performed in Taoism, in which the most public participants are considered to be involved, and I will demonstrate my thesis statement through such a ceremony hosted by the Taoism master (religious priest) of Zhengyi sect 正一派 Ju, Kun-Tsan 朱堃燦 in Northern Taiwan. Pudu, means that Taoism masters use their magical power to offer oblations for Ku-hun and Chih-po 孤魂滯魄 , and to comfort them in the hope of making peace with these desolate souls. Among different sects of Taoism, however, individual differences exist when carrying out the ritual in the name of Pudu. Taking Zhengyi sect and Lingpao sect 靈寶派 for example, even though both sects have the same kind ritual named Pudu whose functions, purposes, and systems of the God are the same, each sect would respectively has its musical tradition. Zhengyi sect from Northern Taiwan would be the subject of this thesis. Based on approximately thirty rounds of different scales of ritual records that I kept from year 2002 to 2007 when participating in the rituals which are hosted by Taoism master Ju, I will take Sanchung City Nansheng Temple Pinghsu Year Wuchao Chian Chingchiao 三重南聖宮丙戌年五朝祈安清醮 as a basic model, and analyze not only the ritual structure of Pudu of Zhengyi sect but its music as well. I will then portrayed detailed descriptions and analyses of this ceremony through the manuscript of Taishang Zhengyi Shihshih Pudu Keyi 太上正壹普度施食科儀 provided by the Master Ju and his personal explanations.