《新增直音說文韻府羣玉》直音互注的語音現象

The Phonetic Phenomenons of One Word-Phonetic Annotated with Each Other in ＂New Added One Word-Phonetic Shuōwén Yùnfǔqúnyù＂

陳梅香(Chen, Mei-hsiang)

《聲韻論叢》 20輯 (2017/10) Pp. 123-173

摘要

《韻府羣玉》是詩韻系106韻首部韻藻型的韻書，歷來因詩韻體系只是《切韻》系韻書韻部上的併合，較未能反映實際語音，因此，對於《韻府羣玉》的研究，多僅止於編者兄弟身份的考察而已。明代《韻府羣玉》有「新增直音說文」的增訂，而觀察〈新增直音〉的體例與內容，既獨立標示在韻首醒目之處，亦將原同音字同時羅列，顯然有對照與精簡之意。當中聲母的喻為影疑變讀為零聲母、全濁音清化、知莊照三系相混等，韻母通曾梗三攝、-m與-n尾相混、入聲韻-p、-t、-k相混，聲調則為全濁上歸去，這些直音的語音現象，正是明代語音的活化石。本文嘗試經由直音全面的歸納與整理，以兩字之間互注所顯示堅固又牢不可破的同音現象為討論對象，希望經由互注同音字的系聯，與反切的對比，既明確地梳理出〈新增直音〉相關的語音特色，也呈現明代口語音讀的實際面貌，做為漢語語音史的重要補苴。

關鍵字

韻府羣玉 ； 直音 ； 互注 ； 語音變化

並列摘要

＂Yùnfǔqúnyù＂ was the first vocabulary rhyme book by 106 rhyme. It was the archetype of ＂Wǔchēyùnruì＂ and ＂Pèiwényùnfǔ＂ in Míng to Qīng dynasty. It was not only 106 rhyme combined inappropriately by ＂Qiēyùn＂, but also failed to reflect actual speech. The study of ＂Yùnfǔqúnyù＂ is mostly limited to the examination of the identity of the editor's brother. The headlines of ＂Yùnfǔqúnyù＂ included ＂the new added One Word-Phonetic Shuōwén＂ in the Míng dynasty. But in the Qīng dynasty, the hand-written copy of ＂Yùnfǔqúnyù＂ in ＂Wényuāngé Sìkùquánshū＂ still retained the ＂Shuōwén＂ part and no content of ＂One Word -Phonetic＂ had been seen. While observing the style and content of the ＂new added One Word -Phonetic＂ part, it is not only marked on the prominent part of the rhyme, but also lists the homonyms in the original text, clearly showing the meaning of comparison and streamlining. Initial observation, the consonants of the 'Yù wèi yǐng yí' Has disappeared, full voiced devoicing, the 'zhīzhàozhuāng' three consonants mixed, etc., the vowels have 'tōngcénggěng' three terminators mixed, the - m ,-n and the -p ,-t,-k ending of syllable mixed, the full voiced Shǎng tone changed to read Qù tone. these phonetic phenomenons of One Word -Phonetic, are the Míng dynasty speech of living fossils. This article tries to use induction and sorting through One Word -Phonetic, and to discuss and compare the strong and unbreakable homophones that Annotated with Each Other. It is hoped to compare and analyze through the use of mutual homophones. It not only clarifies the phonetic features related to the ＂New Added One Word -Phonetic＂, but also presents the actual appearance of the oral phonics reading in the Míng dynasty as an important supplement to the history of Chinese phonetics.

並列關鍵字

＂Yùnfǔqúnyù＂ ； One Word-Phonetic ； Annotated with Each Other ； Phonetic change