大專運動員動作與運動意象能力：量表中文化與現況分析

Assessment of Movement and Sport Imagery Abilities among Collegiate Athletes: Validation on the Chinese Version of Inventory and Analysis of Current Status

林孟嶔(Meng-Chin Lin) ； 鄭溫暖(Wen-Nuan Cheng) ； 張鼎乾(Diing-Ching Chang)

《運動研究》 23卷2期 (2014/12) Pp. 1-19

https://doi.org/10.6167/JSR/2014.23(2)1

摘要

意象是一項重要的心理技能，除了增進專注、信心與放鬆，也被證實與提升運動表現極有關聯。學者指出意象能力較高者在意象的使用上較有效率，故瞭解運動員的意象能力，並視其需求予以訓練便相當重要。然而國內的意象能力測量工具有限，因此，本研究之目的為發展具信、效度與適合國內運動員之動作與運動意象能力測量工具，並進而探討大專運動員意象能力之概況。本研究所探討之動作與運動意象能力，主要參考動作意象生動度問卷第二版進行翻譯。「動作意象能力」含三向度：外在視覺、內在視覺與動覺意象；而「運動意象能力」則包含技巧、策略、目標、情緒與精熟五個向度，研究方法採問卷調查，以臺北體育相關科系大專生為受試者，經由預試（計116人）確認中文語意翻譯與指導語之合適性，再進行正式施測（計319人），經驗證性因素分析顯示本量表具因素效度。本研究結果顯示：動作意象能力方面，大專運動員較擅長以內在和外在視覺進行意象演練，動覺意象能力較差。在運動意象能力上，大專運動員以動機性之目標意象最佳，認知之策略意象能力最差。同時，高運動技能者之運動意象能力比低技能水準者好，顯示運動意象能力與運動表現有關，建議大專運動員加強訓練動覺意象能力及策略意象能力，以提升其動作與運動意象能力。

關鍵字

動覺意象能力 ； 技巧意象 ； 目標意象 ； 策略意象

並列摘要

Imagery is an important psychological skill that helpful for focusing, relaxing, confidence and sport performance. Athletes, who have higher imagery ability can imagine more effectively. Thus, it is important to assess and improve the athletes' imagery ability in the sports field. In addition, there is a limited inventory in Taiwan. Hence, the purpose of this study was to develop the imagery inventories with good reliability and validity, and to explore the imagery ability of collegiate athletes. The imagery inventories include movement and sport imagery abilities, which were based on the Revised Version of the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire and Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire. Movement imagery ability, includes external, internal & kinesthetic imagery abilities, and sport imagery ability includes skill, strategy, goal, arousal, mastery imagery abilities. The participants were sport-related university students in Taipei. Two stages of data collection were performed from the pilot study, which includes 116 valid inventories and formal test had 319 valid cases. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed acceptable factorial validity. Collegiate athletes showed better at internal and external movement imagery than kinesthetic imagery. Furthermore, collegiate athletes were best at imagining achieving goals yet worst at imagining the sports strategies. Finally, high skillful athletes had better sport imagery ability than low skillful athletes, which implied that sports imagery ability is related to performance. Therefore, the study suggests that collegiate athletes should enhance their kinesthetic imagery ability and strategic imagery ability in order to increase their movement and sport imagery abilities.

並列關鍵字

kinesthetic imagery ability ； skill imagery ； goal imagery ； strategy imagery

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