複合式訓練對擊劍選手下肢爆發力及動作反應之探討

Impact of Complex Training on the Lower Limb Explosiveness and Action Response of Fencers

王三財(San-Tsai Wang) ； 陳世昌(Shih-Chang Chen) ； 陳奕良(Yi-Liang Chen)

《運動研究》 28卷2期 (2019/12) Pp. 67-88

https://doi.org/10.6167/JSR.201912_28(2).0005

摘要

目的：本研究目的探討擊劍選手實施複合式訓練對下肢爆發力及動作反應之影響。方法：以33名的高中擊劍選手（平均年齡16.00±0.83歲、身高168.6±6.9公分、體重60.7±11.2公斤）為研究對象，隨機分成先實施重量訓練，再實施增強式訓練（weight strength exercise plyometric-type movement group，簡稱W＋P組）及先實施增強式訓練後，再實施重量訓練（plyometric-type movement and weight strength exercise group，簡稱P＋W組）兩組，展開為期5週的訓練計畫，分別進行每週3次，每次60分鐘之複合式訓練。所得資料進行混合設計二因子變異數分析（mixed design of two-way ANOVA），比較兩種不同順序複合式訓練是否對下肢爆發力及動作反應有顯著差異。結果：一、30秒無氧動力測驗（Wingate anaerobic test）中，兩組在無氧能力（anaerobic capacity）（W／kg）達顯著差異；二、身體組成檢測中，P＋W組體重（body weight）（kg）、脂肪量（fat mass）（g）、脂肪百分比（fat percentage）（％）略微下降；在肌肉量（muscle mass）（g）、骨密度（bone density）（g／cm2）、骨量（bone mass）（g）均增加。W＋P組均呈現進步狀態。兩組經訓練後皆顯著提升；三、P＋W組在下蹲跳（counter movement jump，CMJ）（cm）及深蹲跳（squat jump，SJ）（cm），經訓練後成績顯著提升：四、P＋W組在神經反應（sec）及W＋P組中的動作反應（sec）時間縮短。結論：複合式訓練對於擊劍選手無氧動力、身體組成、下肢爆發力及動作反應時間經訓練後皆顯著進步，建議在訓練中加入複合式訓練以提升訓練效果。

關鍵字

無氧動力 ； 身體組成 ； 反應時間 ； 疲勞指數

並列摘要

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the fencer implementation of complex training, observe its impact on lower limb explosiveness and action response. Method: Thirty-three fencers from senior high schools were participated in this study (average age 16 ± 0.8 years old; height 168.6 ± 6.9 cm; weight 60.7 ± 11.2 kg). They were randomly divided into two groups: (W + P) group (weight training followed by plyometrics) and (P + W) group (plyometrics followed by weight training) for a five-week training plan consisting of 60 minutes complex training three times a week. The data was analyzes the be mixed design of two-way ANOVA variance analysis is used to compare the differences. Whether there are any significant differences in the lower limb explosiveness and action response between the two types of complex training in different order. Results: (1) There were significant differences in anaerobic capacity (W/kg) in the 30-second Wingate anaerobic test; (2) In the body composition test, body weight (kg), fat mass (g) and fat percentage (%) decreased slightly in the (P + W) group, while muscle mass (g), bone density (g/cm^2) and bone mass (g) increased. In the (W + P) group, all items were improved. The performance of both groups was significantly improved after training; (3) The pre-test and post-test performance of countermovement jump (CMJ) (cm) and Squat jump (SJ) (cm) was significantly improved after training in the (P +W) group. (4) The nervous response (sec) in the (P + W) group and the action response (sec) in the (W + P) group were shortened. Conclusion: The complex training showed significant improvement in anaerobic power, body composition, lower limb explosiveness and action response time of fencers. It is recommended to include complex training in regular training to enhance training outcome.

並列關鍵字

anaerobic power ； body composition ； response time ； fatigue index

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